महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-141, verse-40

भीमसेनं तु युध्यन्तं भारद्वाजरथं प्रति ।
स्वयं दुर्योधनो राजा प्रत्यविध्यच्छितैः शरैः ॥४०॥

40. bhīmasenaṁ tu yudhyantaṁ bhāradvājarathaṁ prati ,
svayaṁ duryodhano rājā pratyavidhyacchitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

40. bhīmasenam tu yudhyantam bhāradvājaratham prati
svayam duryodhanaḥ rājā pratyavidhyat śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

40. tu rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam bhāradvājaratham prati
yudhyantam bhīmasenam śitaiḥ śaraiḥ pratyavidhyat

40. But King Duryodhana himself, while Bhimasena was fighting against Drona's chariot, pierced him with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, engaged in battle

• भारद्वाजरथम् (bhāradvājaratham) - chariot of Drona (chariot of Bharadvaja)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by one's own efforts

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced, struck back, hit

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened, keen

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of the second Pandava brother, son of Vayu

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, engaged in battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, engaged in battle

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh (class 4) 'to fight', with śatṛ suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying Bhimasena.

भारद्वाजरथम् (bhāradvājaratham) - chariot of Drona (chariot of Bharadvaja)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāradvājaratha

bhāradvājaratha - chariot of Bharadvaja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāradvāja+ratha)

• bhāradvāja – descendant of Bharadvaja, name of Drona
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the accusative case (bhāradvājaratham).

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by one's own efforts

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that Duryodhana himself performed the action.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Note: Subject of the verb 'pratyavidhyat'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Appositive to 'Duryodhana'.

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced, struck back, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect Active

Derived from root vyadh (class 4) 'to pierce', with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The root is vyadh, which becomes vidh in certain conjugations (like imperfect).

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, sharpened, keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo/śā 'to sharpen', with kta suffix

Root: śā (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Means by which the action of piercing is done.