महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-7

संजय उवाच ।
सायाह्ने न्यपतद्भूमौ धार्तराष्ट्रान्विषादयन् ।
पाञ्चालानां ददद्धर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ॥७॥

7. saṁjaya uvāca ,
sāyāhne nyapatadbhūmau dhārtarāṣṭrānviṣādayan ,
pāñcālānāṁ dadaddharṣaṁ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ.

7. saṃjaya uvāca sāyāhne nyapatat bhūmau dhārtarāṣṭrān
viṣādayan pāñcālānām dadat harṣam kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ

7. saṃjaya uvāca kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ sāyāhne dhārtarāṣṭrān
viṣādayan pāñcālānām harṣam dadat bhūmau nyapatat

7. Sanjaya said: In the evening, the grandfather, the elder of the Kurus, fell to the ground, disheartening the Dhritarashtras and giving joy to the Panchalas.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

• सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down (fell down, descended)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

• धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the Dhritarashtras (Kauravas) (the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas)

• विषादयन् (viṣādayan) - disheartening (causing sorrow, disheartening, depressing)

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas (an allied kingdom to the Pandavas) (of the Panchalas)

• ददत् (dadat) - giving (giving, bestowing)

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy (joy, delight, elation)

• कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the Kuru lineage (referring to Bhishma) (the elder of the Kurus)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root vac (to speak) in the 2nd class, perfect third singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Sanjaya's speech.

सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāyāhna

sāyāhna - evening, end of the day

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāya+ahna)

• sāya – evening
  indeclinable
• ahna – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Time adverbial.

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down (fell down, descended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Tense

Root pat (to fall) in the 1st class, imperfect third singular

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of Sanjaya's statement.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

Note: Location of falling.

धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the Dhritarashtras (Kauravas) (the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, a Kaurava

A patronymic derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Object of the participle 'viṣādayan'.

विषादयन् (viṣādayan) - disheartening (causing sorrow, disheartening, depressing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣādayat

viṣādayat - causing dejection, disheartening

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From root sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi, causative

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Describes Bhishma's action.

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas (an allied kingdom to the Pandavas) (of the Panchalas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or person from the Pañcāla country

Note: Beneficiary of 'harṣam dadat'.

ददत् (dadat) - giving (giving, bestowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dadat

dadat - giving, granting

Present Active Participle

From root dā (to give) in the 3rd class, reduplicated stem

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Describes Bhishma's action.

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy (joy, delight, elation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, excitement

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dadat'.

कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the Kuru lineage (referring to Bhishma) (the elder of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuruvṛddha

kuruvṛddha - elder of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+vṛddha)

• kuru – name of an ancient king and his dynasty; the Kurus
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (referring to Bhishma) (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor

Note: The subject of 'nyapatat'. Refers to Bhishma.