महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-24

ततो द्रोणाय निहतं भीष्ममाचष्ट कौरवः ।
द्रोणस्तदप्रियं श्रुत्वा सहसा न्यपतद्रथात् ॥२४॥

24. tato droṇāya nihataṁ bhīṣmamācaṣṭa kauravaḥ ,
droṇastadapriyaṁ śrutvā sahasā nyapatadrathāt.

24. tataḥ droṇāya nihatam bhīṣmam ācaṣṭa kauravaḥ
droṇaḥ tat apriyam śrutvā sahasā nyapatat rathāt

24. tataḥ kauravaḥ droṇāya nihatam bhīṣmam ācaṣṭa
droṇaḥ tat apriyam śrutvā sahasā rathāt nyapatat

24. Thereupon, the Kuru prince reported to Droṇa that Bhīṣma had been slain. Hearing that unpleasant news, Droṇa suddenly fell from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - he reported, he told

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kuru prince

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• तत् (tat) - that news (that)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable (news)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - he fell down

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

from ni-han (to strike down, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: agrees with bhīṣmam

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder and warrior)

आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - he reported, he told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ācaṣṭa

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: from root 'cakṣ' (to see, perceive, tell)

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kuru prince

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kuru prince

patronymic from Kuru

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

तत् (tat) - that news (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: refers to the news of Bhīṣma's death

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable (news)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile

negation of priya (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• priya – dear, pleasant, beloved
  adjective

Note: agrees with tat

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly

(indeclinable)

instrumental case used as adverb

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nyapatat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car