महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-6

यदद्य निहतेनाजौ भीष्मेण जयमिच्छता ।
चेष्टितं नरसिंहेन तन्मे कथय संजय ॥६॥

6. yadadya nihatenājau bhīṣmeṇa jayamicchatā ,
ceṣṭitaṁ narasiṁhena tanme kathaya saṁjaya.

6. yat adya nihatena ājau bhīṣmeṇa jayam icchatā
ceṣṭitam narasiṃhena tat me kathaya saṃjaya

6. saṃjaya adya ājau jayam icchatā narasiṃhena
nihatena bhīṣmeṇa yat ceṣṭitam tat me kathaya

6. O Sanjaya, tell me what action was performed today by Bhishma, the lion among men, who, though struck down on the battlefield, still wished for victory.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what (action) (what, which, that)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• निहतेन (nihatena) - by Bhishma, who was struck down (by the struck down, by the slain)

• आजौ (ājau) - on the battlefield (in battle, in combat)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma (the commander of the Kuru army) (by Bhishma)

• जयम् (jayam) - victory (victory, triumph)

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by Bhishma, who desired (by the desiring, by the wishing)

• चेष्टितम् (ceṣṭitam) - action, deed (action, deed, effort)

• नरसिंहेन (narasiṁhena) - by Bhishma, who is a lion among men (by the lion among men)

• तत् (tat) - that (action) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• कथय (kathaya) - tell (tell, narrate)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what (action) (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, that

Note: Acts as a relative pronoun referring to 'ceṣṭitam'.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

निहतेन (nihatena) - by Bhishma, who was struck down (by the struck down, by the slain)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck down, slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Bhīṣmeṇa.

आजौ (ājau) - on the battlefield (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, conflict

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma (the commander of the Kuru army) (by Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

Note: The agent of the action 'ceṣṭitam'.

जयम् (jayam) - victory (victory, triumph)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'icchatā'.

इच्छता (icchatā) - by Bhishma, who desired (by the desiring, by the wishing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From root iṣ (to wish, desire) in the 6th class

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with Bhīṣmeṇa.

चेष्टितम् (ceṣṭitam) - action, deed (action, deed, effort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ceṣṭita

ceṣṭita - action, deed, effort, movement

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root ceṣṭ (to move, act)

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: The main object of inquiry; 'yad' refers to this.

नरसिंहेन (narasiṁhena) - by Bhishma, who is a lion among men (by the lion among men)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of narasiṃha

narasiṁha - lion-man, chief of men, best among men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+siṃha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Bhishma, agreeing in case, gender, and number.

तत् (tat) - that (action) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yad'.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Enclitic form of the dative/genitive of 'I'.

कथय (kathaya) - tell (tell, narrate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Causative stem (kath-aya)

From root kath (to tell) in the 10th class or causative of katha

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: The speaker (Dhritarashtra) addresses Sanjaya.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Addressed by Dhritarashtra.