महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-30

अथ पाण्डून्कुरूंश्चैव प्रणिपत्याग्रतः स्थितान् ।
अभ्यभाषत धर्मात्मा भीष्मः शांतनवस्तदा ॥३०॥

30. atha pāṇḍūnkurūṁścaiva praṇipatyāgrataḥ sthitān ,
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavastadā.

30. atha pāṇḍūn kurūn ca eva praṇipatya agrataḥ sthitān
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā bhīṣmaḥ śāṃtanavaḥ tadā

30. atha tadā śāṃtanavaḥ dharmātmā bhīṣmaḥ agrataḥ
sthitān pāṇḍūn kurūn ca eva praṇipatya abhyabhāṣata

30. Then, Bhishma, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, the son of Shantanu, bowed down to the Pāṇḍavas and Kurus who stood before him and addressed them.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pāṇḍavas

• कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the conjunction 'and', indicating 'and also'. (indeed, just, only, also)

• प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having saluted

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, ahead

• स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, present

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous, virtuous, one whose nature is dharma

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma as the son of King Shantanu. (son of Shantanu)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king), son of Pāṇḍu, whitish, pale yellow

From Pāṇḍu + 'a' (descendant).

कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king), a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the conjunction 'and', indicating 'and also'. (indeed, just, only, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from 'pra-ni-pat' + 'lyap' suffix.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before, ahead

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'agra' (front) + 'tas' suffix.

स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, present

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, located, firm, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhibhāṣ

Past tense (Imperfect)

Imperfect Middle 3rd singular of 'abhivāṣ' (root 'bhāṣ' with 'abhi').

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous, virtuous, one whose nature is dharma

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness, virtuous, righteous soul

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound word, here functioning as an epithet for Bhishma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible, formidable

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma as the son of King Shantanu. (son of Shantanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - son of Shantanu

Patronymic from Śaṃtanu.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative of 'tad' (that).