महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-10

उभयोः सेनयो राजन्क्षत्रियान्भयमाविशत् ।
भीष्मं शंतनवं दृष्ट्वा विशीर्णकवचध्वजम् ।
कुरवः पर्यवर्तन्त पाण्डवाश्च विशां पते ॥१०॥

10. ubhayoḥ senayo rājankṣatriyānbhayamāviśat ,
bhīṣmaṁ śaṁtanavaṁ dṛṣṭvā viśīrṇakavacadhvajam ,
kuravaḥ paryavartanta pāṇḍavāśca viśāṁ pate.

10. ubhayoḥ senayoḥ rājan kṣatriyān
bhayam āviśat bhīṣmam śaṃtanavam dṛṣṭvā
viśīrṇakavacadhvajam kuravaḥ
paryavartanta pāṇḍavāḥ ca viśām pate

10. rājan viśām pate śaṃtanavam bhīṣmam
viśīrṇakavacadhvajam dṛṣṭvā ubhayoḥ
senayoḥ kṣatriyān bhayam āviśat
kuravaḥ ca pāṇḍavāḥ ca paryavartanta

10. O King, lord of the people, seeing Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, with his armor and banner shattered, fear gripped the warriors (kṣatriyas) of both armies. Both the Kurus and the Pandavas retreated.

Words meanings summery:

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

• सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the armies

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - the kṣatriyas, warriors

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, seized, gripped

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• शंतनवम् (śaṁtanavam) - son of Shantanu

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विशीर्णकवचध्वजम् (viśīrṇakavacadhvajam) - whose armor and banner were shattered/broken

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• पर्यवर्तन्त (paryavartanta) - turned back, retreated

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Can also be locative dual. Here, genitive 'of both'.

सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, dual of senā

senā - army, host

Note: Can also be locative dual.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - the kṣatriyas, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya social class

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

Root: √bhī (class 3)

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, seized, gripped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ā-√viś

Prefix: ā

Root: √viś (class 6)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, 'the terrible')

शंतनवम् (śaṁtanavam) - son of Shantanu

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - descendant of Shantanu, relating to Shantanu

Vṛddhi derivative from 'śaṃtanu' indicating a descendant.

Note: Used here as a patronymic for Bhishma.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding -tvā to the root.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

विशीर्णकवचध्वजम् (viśīrṇakavacadhvajam) - whose armor and banner were shattered/broken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśīrṇakavacadhvaja

viśīrṇakavacadhvaja - whose armor and banner are shattered

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (viśīrṇa+kavaca+dhvaja)

• viśīrṇa – shattered, broken, torn
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śṝ (to tear, break) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √śṝ (class 9)
• kavaca – armor, cuirass
  noun (neuter)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Bhishma.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru

पर्यवर्तन्त (paryavartanta) - turned back, retreated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ā-√vṛt

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, subjects

Root: √viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband