महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-115, verse-42

अनुमान्य महात्मानं भरतानाममध्यमम् ।
त्रिभिस्तीक्ष्णैर्महावेगैरुदगृह्णाच्छिरः शरैः ॥४२॥

42. anumānya mahātmānaṁ bharatānāmamadhyamam ,
tribhistīkṣṇairmahāvegairudagṛhṇācchiraḥ śaraiḥ.

42. anumānya mahātmānam bharatānām amadhyamam tribhiḥ
tīkṣṇaiḥ mahāvegaiḥ udagṛhṇāt śiraḥ śaraiḥ

42. saḥ mahātmānam bharatānām amadhyamam anumānya,
tribhiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ mahāvegaiḥ śaraiḥ śiraḥ udagṛhṇāt

42. Having paid respects to the great-souled (mahātman) one, the foremost among the Bharatas, he (Arjuna) then supported his head with three sharp, very swift arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having paid respects to (having honored, having respected, having obtained permission)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled Bhishma (the great-souled one)

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the lineage of Bharata (of the Bharatas)

• अमध्यमम् (amadhyamam) - the foremost (not ordinary, excellent, chief)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp ones)

• महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with very swift (arrows) (with very swift ones, with great speed)

• उदगृह्णात् (udagṛhṇāt) - supported (with arrows) (lifted up, supported, took away)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having paid respects to (having honored, having respected, having obtained permission)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

derived from root man with prefix anu- and suffix -ya

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 8)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled Bhishma (the great-souled one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime (mahātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the lineage of Bharata (of the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a proper noun, name of a king, a lineage), descendant of Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

अमध्यमम् (amadhyamam) - the foremost (not ordinary, excellent, chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amadhyama

amadhyama - not middling, superior, excellent, chief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+madhyama)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• madhyama – middle, ordinary
  adjective (masculine)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

(numeral)

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, severe

Root: tij (class 6)

महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with very swift (arrows) (with very swift ones, with great speed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāvega

mahāvega - very swift, having great speed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)

उदगृह्णात् (udagṛhṇāt) - supported (with arrows) (lifted up, supported, took away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of udgrah

Imperfect

3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada

Prefix: ud

Root: grah (class 9)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)