महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-8

अरुंतुदं परुषं रूक्षवाचं वाक्कण्टकैर्वितुदन्तं मनुष्यान् ।
विद्यादलक्ष्मीकतमं जनानां मुखे निबद्धां निरृतिं वहन्तम् ॥८॥

8. aruṁtudaṁ paruṣaṁ rūkṣavācaṁ; vākkaṇṭakairvitudantaṁ manuṣyān ,
vidyādalakṣmīkatamaṁ janānāṁ; mukhe nibaddhāṁ nirṛtiṁ vahantam.

8. arumtudam paruṣam rūkṣavācam
vākkaṇṭakaiḥ vitudantam manuṣyān
vidyāt alakṣmīkatamam janānām
mukhe nibaddhām nirṛtim vahantam

8. One should recognize a person who, with the thorns of their speech, torments others with words that are painful, harsh, and cruel. Such a person is the most unfortunate among people, carrying destruction (nirṛti) bound within their mouth.

Words meanings summery:

• अरुम्तुदम् (arumtudam) - hurting vital parts, causing pain, poignant

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, rude

• रूक्षवाचम् (rūkṣavācam) - one whose speech is harsh, rough-spoken

• वाक्कण्टकैः (vākkaṇṭakaiḥ) - with thorns of speech, with harsh words

• वितुदन्तम् (vitudantam) - tormenting, piercing, goading

• मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - men, human beings

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• अलक्ष्मीकतमम् (alakṣmīkatamam) - most unfortunate, most ill-fated, most devoid of prosperity

• जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of men

• मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth, on the face

• निबद्धाम् (nibaddhām) - bound, tied, fastened, fixed

• निरृतिम् (nirṛtim) - destruction, calamity, misfortune

• वहन्तम् (vahantam) - carrying, bearing, conveying

Words meanings and morphology

अरुम्तुदम् (arumtudam) - hurting vital parts, causing pain, poignant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arumtuda

arumtuda - hurting vital parts, causing pain, poignant, vexing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aruman+tuda)

• aruman – vital spot, wound, vulnerable part
  noun (neuter)
• tuda – piercing, tormenting, harassing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root
  Derived from the root √tud (to pierce, vex).
  Root: √tud (class 6)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, rude

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, rude

रूक्षवाचम् (rūkṣavācam) - one whose speech is harsh, rough-spoken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rūkṣavāc

rūkṣavāc - one whose speech is harsh, rough-spoken

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rūkṣa+vāc)

• rūkṣa – harsh, rough, rude, dry
  adjective (feminine)
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)

वाक्कण्टकैः (vākkaṇṭakaiḥ) - with thorns of speech, with harsh words

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vākkaṇṭaka

vākkaṇṭaka - a thorn of speech, harsh words like thorns

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāc+kaṇṭaka)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, prickle, obstacle, enemy
  noun (masculine)

वितुदन्तम् (vitudantam) - tormenting, piercing, goading

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vitudat

vitudat - tormenting, piercing, goading, vexing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (masculine form) of root √tud (to pierce, vex) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: √tud (class 6)

मनुष्यान् (manuṣyān) - men, human beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being, person

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √vid

Root: √vid (class 2)

अलक्ष्मीकतमम् (alakṣmīkatamam) - most unfortunate, most ill-fated, most devoid of prosperity

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alakṣmīkatama

alakṣmīkatama - most unfortunate, most ill-fated, most devoid of Lakṣmī (prosperity)

Superlative form of 'alakṣmīka' (unfortunate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+lakṣmīka+tama)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• lakṣmīka – fortunate, endowed with prosperity
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'lakṣmī' (prosperity, fortune).
• tama – most (superlative suffix)
  suffix
  Superlative suffix.

जनानाम् (janānām) - of people, of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth, on the face

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, opening, front

निबद्धाम् (nibaddhām) - bound, tied, fastened, fixed

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nibaddha

nibaddha - bound, tied, fastened, fixed, connected

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √bandh (to bind) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: √bandh (class 9)

निरृतिम् (nirṛtim) - destruction, calamity, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirṛti

nirṛti - destruction, dissolution, calamity, misfortune, goddess of destruction

Prefix: nir

Root: √ṛ (class 3)

वहन्तम् (vahantam) - carrying, bearing, conveying

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vahant

vahant - carrying, bearing, conveying, bringing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (masculine form) of root √vah (to carry).

Root: √vah (class 1)