महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-41

अर्थयेदेव मित्राणि सति वासति वा धने ।
नानर्थयन्विजानाति मित्राणां सारफल्गुताम् ॥४१॥

41. arthayedeva mitrāṇi sati vāsati vā dhane ,
nānarthayanvijānāti mitrāṇāṁ sāraphalgutām.

41. arthayet eva mitrāṇi sati vā asati vā dhane
na arthayan vijānāti mitrāṇām sāraphalgutām

41. One should indeed make requests of friends, whether one possesses wealth or not. For, one who does not ask will not discern the value and worthlessness of friends.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्थयेत् (arthayet) - should request, should ask for, should solicit

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends

• सति (sati) - existing, being present

• वा (vā) - or

• असति (asati) - not existing, absent

• वा (vā) - or

• धने (dhane) - in wealth, with possessions

• न (na) - not

• अर्थयन् (arthayan) - requesting, asking, soliciting

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, discerns, understands

• मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - of friends

• सारफल्गुताम् (sāraphalgutām) - value and worthlessness, essence and superficiality, strength and weakness, true nature

Words meanings and morphology

अर्थयेत् (arthayet) - should request, should ask for, should solicit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √arth

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, present tense

Root: √arth (class 10)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, the sun god Mitra

सति (sati) - existing, being present

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

derived from √as 'to be'

Root: √as (class 2)

Note: used adverbially, often with locative absolute construction

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

असति (asati) - not existing, absent

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, false

Present Active Participle

derived from √as 'to be' with negative prefix na

Root: √as (class 2)

Note: used adverbially, often with locative absolute construction

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

धने (dhane) - in wealth, with possessions

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasure

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अर्थयन् (arthayan) - requesting, asking, soliciting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthayat

arthayat - one who asks/requests/solicits

Present Active Participle

from √arth 'to ask for', causative/denominative form arthayati

Root: √arth (class 10)

विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, discerns, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √jñā

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, class 9 verb

Prefix: vi

Root: √jñā (class 9)

मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - of friends

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, the sun god Mitra

सारफल्गुताम् (sāraphalgutām) - value and worthlessness, essence and superficiality, strength and weakness, true nature

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sāraphalgutā

sāraphalgutā - the state of being substantial and unsubstantial, value and worthlessness

derived from sāraphalgu + -tā (feminine abstract noun suffix)

Compound type : dvandva (sāra+phalgu)

• sāra – essence, substance, core, value, strength
  noun (masculine)
• phalgu – worthless, insignificant, trivial, weak
  adjective (neuter)