महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-45

सुखं च दुःखं च भवाभवौ च लाभालाभौ मरणं जीवितं च ।
पर्यायशः सर्वमिह स्पृशन्ति तस्माद्धीरो नैव हृष्येन्न शोचेत् ॥४५॥

45. sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ca bhavābhavau ca; lābhālābhau maraṇaṁ jīvitaṁ ca ,
paryāyaśaḥ sarvamiha spṛśanti; tasmāddhīro naiva hṛṣyenna śocet.

45. sukhaṃ ca duḥkhaṃ ca bhavābhavau
ca lābhālābhau maraṇaṃ jīvitaṃ ca
paryāyaśaḥ sarvam iha spṛśanti
tasmāt dhīraḥ na eva hṛṣyet na śocet

45. Happiness and sorrow, existence and non-existence, gain and loss, death and life—all these alternately affect a person in this world. Therefore, a wise person should neither rejoice nor grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखं (sukhaṁ) - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and death, coming into being and ceasing to be

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gain and loss

• मरणं (maraṇaṁ) - death, dying

• जीवितं (jīvitaṁ) - life, living

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पर्यायशः (paryāyaśaḥ) - alternately, successively, in turns

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all these things (happiness, sorrow, etc.) (all, whole, every)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

• स्पृशन्ति (spṛśanti) - they affect (a person) (they touch, they affect, they reach)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person (wise, firm, steady, composed, courageous person)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• हृष्येत् (hṛṣyet) - should rejoice (should rejoice, may rejoice)

• न (na) - not, no

• शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve (should grieve, may lament)

Words meanings and morphology

सुखं (sukhaṁ) - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

Note: Or nominative singular, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

Note: Or nominative singular, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and death, coming into being and ceasing to be

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhavābhava

bhavābhava - existence and non-existence, birth and death

Itaretarayoga Dvandva compound of 'bhava' (existence, birth) and 'abhava' (non-existence, death).

Compound type : itaretarayoga dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – existence, being, birth, state of being
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, non-being, death
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + 'bhava'

Note: Or nominative dual, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - gain and loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of lābhālābha

lābhālābha - gain and loss

Itaretarayoga Dvandva compound of 'lābha' (gain) and 'alābha' (loss).

Compound type : itaretarayoga dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  From root labh (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – loss, non-acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + 'lābha'

Note: Or nominative dual, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

मरणं (maraṇaṁ) - death, dying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Or nominative singular, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

जीवितं (jīvitaṁ) - life, living

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (when used as adjective/participle)

From root jīv (to live). Here used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Or nominative singular, but accusative fits better as object of 'spṛśanti'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पर्यायशः (paryāyaśaḥ) - alternately, successively, in turns

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -śas to indicate 'by turns' or 'in portions'. Derived from 'paryāya'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all these things (happiness, sorrow, etc.) (all, whole, every)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Functions as the object of 'spṛśanti'.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

(indeclinable)

स्पृशन्ति (spṛśanti) - they affect (a person) (they touch, they affect, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of spṛś

Present Active Indicative

3rd plural, active voice.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'.

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person (wise, firm, steady, composed, courageous person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, firm, steady, composed, courageous

Note: The subject of the verbs 'hṛṣyet' and 'śocet'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

हृष्येत् (hṛṣyet) - should rejoice (should rejoice, may rejoice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛṣ

Optative Active

3rd singular, active voice, optative mood, expressing a wish or command.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शोचेत् (śocet) - should grieve (should grieve, may lament)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of śuc

Optative Active

3rd singular, active voice, optative mood, expressing a wish or command.

Root: śuc (class 1)