महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-24

येषां न वृत्तं व्यथते न योनिर्वृत्तप्रसादेन चरन्ति धर्मम् ।
ये कीर्तिमिच्छन्ति कुले विशिष्टां त्यक्तानृतास्तानि महाकुलानि ॥२४॥

24. yeṣāṁ na vṛttaṁ vyathate na yoni;rvṛttaprasādena caranti dharmam ,
ye kīrtimicchanti kule viśiṣṭāṁ; tyaktānṛtāstāni mahākulāni.

24. yeṣām na vṛttam vyathate na yoniḥ
vṛttaprasādena caranti dharmam
| ye kīrtim icchanti kule
viśiṣṭām tyaktānṛtāḥ tāni mahākulāni

24. Those whose conduct (vṛtta) is unblemished and whose lineage is untainted, and who uphold natural law (dharma) through the purity of their character; those who seek distinguished renown for their family, having abandoned all falsehood – these are truly noble families.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, whose

• न (na) - not, no

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, character, behavior

• व्यथते (vyathate) - is troubled, suffers, is disturbed, is distressed

• न (na) - not, no

• योनिः (yoniḥ) - origin, birth, lineage, family

• वृत्तप्रसादेन (vṛttaprasādena) - by the purity of conduct, by the excellence of character, by the grace of behavior

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they practice, they follow, they move, they behave

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma), natural law, duty

• ये (ye) - those who

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown, praise

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish, they seek

• कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage, in the clan

• विशिष्टाम् (viśiṣṭām) - distinguished, excellent, superior, special

• त्यक्तानृताः (tyaktānṛtāḥ) - those who have abandoned untruth, free from falsehood

• तानि (tāni) - those, those ones

• महाकुलानि (mahākulāni) - great families, noble lineages

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'mahākulāni' (noble families)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, character, behavior

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct (vṛtta), behavior, character, custom, course; happened, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the conduct of the families

व्यथते (vyathate) - is troubled, suffers, is disturbed, is distressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vyath

Present Middle

3rd person singular present middle indicative of root √vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

योनिः (yoniḥ) - origin, birth, lineage, family

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - origin, birth, source, womb, lineage, family

Note: Refers to the origin or lineage of the families

वृत्तप्रसादेन (vṛttaprasādena) - by the purity of conduct, by the excellence of character, by the grace of behavior

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛttaprasāda

vṛttaprasāda - purity of conduct, excellence of character, grace of behavior

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtta+prasāda)

• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, character
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• prasāda – clearness, purity, grace, favor, serenity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √sad with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

चरन्ति (caranti) - they practice, they follow, they move, they behave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Active

3rd person plural present active indicative of root √car

Root: car (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness (dharma), natural law, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, virtue, duty, moral law, natural law (dharma), constitution, intrinsic nature

Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the people belonging to 'mahākulāni'

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown, praise

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, praise, report

Derived from root √kīrt (to mention, praise)

Root: kīrt (class 10)

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish, they seek

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

3rd person plural present active indicative of root √iṣ (icch is the present stem)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage, in the clan

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, noble family

विशिष्टाम् (viśiṣṭām) - distinguished, excellent, superior, special

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, special, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śiṣ (to distinguish, remain) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'kīrtim'

त्यक्तानृताः (tyaktānṛtāḥ) - those who have abandoned untruth, free from falsehood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyaktānṛta

tyaktānṛta - one who has abandoned untruth, free from falsehood

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tyakta+anṛta)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, relinquished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √tyaj (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• anṛta – untruth, falsehood, lie; not true
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: a- (negative prefix) + ṛta (truth)
  Prefix: a

Note: Refers to the members of 'mahākulāni'

तानि (tāni) - those, those ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those, this, these

Note: Refers to 'mahākulāni'

महाकुलानि (mahākulāni) - great families, noble lineages

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahākula

mahākula - great family, noble lineage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kula)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• kula – family, lineage, race, clan
  noun (neuter)