महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-10

यदि सन्तं सेवते यद्यसन्तं तपस्विनं यदि वा स्तेनमेव ।
वासो यथा रङ्गवशं प्रयाति तथा स तेषां वशमभ्युपैति ॥१०॥

10. yadi santaṁ sevate yadyasantaṁ; tapasvinaṁ yadi vā stenameva ,
vāso yathā raṅgavaśaṁ prayāti; tathā sa teṣāṁ vaśamabhyupaiti.

10. yadi santam sevate yadi asantam
tapasvinam yadi vā stenam eva
| vāsaḥ yathā raṅgavaśam prayāti
tathā saḥ teṣām vaśam abhyupaiti

10. If a person associates with a virtuous individual, or with a wicked person, or an ascetic (tapasvin), or even a thief; that person comes under their influence, just as a garment takes on the color of the dye.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• सन्तम् (santam) - a virtuous individual (existing, good, virtuous, noble)

• सेवते (sevate) - associates with (one serves, attends, associates with)

• यदि (yadi) - or (if, in case)

• असन्तम् (asantam) - a wicked person (non-existent, bad, wicked, non-virtuous)

• तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - an ascetic (tapasvin) (an ascetic, a penitent, one performing penance (tapas))

• यदि (yadi) - or (if, in case)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• स्तेनम् (stenam) - a thief (a thief, robber)

• एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just)

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - a garment (garment, cloth, apparel)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in the manner that)

• रङ्गवशम् (raṅgavaśam) - the color of the dye (the power of dye, under the influence of color)

• प्रयाति (prayāti) - takes on (literally 'goes to') (goes forth, proceeds, attains)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly)

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the people mentioned) (of them (masculine/neuter genitive plural))

• वशम् (vaśam) - influence (literally 'power') (power, control, dominion)

• अभ्युपैति (abhyupaiti) - comes under (he goes towards, he attains, he comes under)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

सन्तम् (santam) - a virtuous individual (existing, good, virtuous, noble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

from root as (to be), Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

सेवते (sevate) - associates with (one serves, attends, associates with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sev

root sev, 1st class, Atmanepada, Present 3rd singular

Root: sev (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - or (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with an 'or' sense, listing alternatives.

असन्तम् (asantam) - a wicked person (non-existent, bad, wicked, non-virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asant

asant - non-existent, bad, wicked, non-virtuous

Present Active Participle

negated form of sant (from root as), Parasmaipada

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sant)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sant – being, existing, good, virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from root as
  Root: as (class 2)

तपस्विनम् (tapasvinam) - an ascetic (tapasvin) (an ascetic, a penitent, one performing penance (tapas))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - an ascetic, one performing penance

from tapas + vin

यदि (yadi) - or (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with an 'or' sense, listing alternatives.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

स्तेनम् (stenam) - a thief (a thief, robber)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stena

stena - a thief, robber

Root: sten

एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

वासः (vāsaḥ) - a garment (garment, cloth, apparel)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāsa

vāsa - garment, cloth, apparel

Root: vas (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

रङ्गवशम् (raṅgavaśam) - the color of the dye (the power of dye, under the influence of color)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṅgavaśa

raṅgavaśa - the power of dye, under the influence of color

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (raṅga+vaśa)

• raṅga – color, dye, tint
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• vaśa – power, control, will, dominion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś

प्रयाति (prayāti) - takes on (literally 'goes to') (goes forth, proceeds, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

root yā, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, Present 3rd singular

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

pronominal stem

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the people mentioned) (of them (masculine/neuter genitive plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

pronominal stem

वशम् (vaśam) - influence (literally 'power') (power, control, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - power, control, will, dominion

Root: vaś

अभ्युपैति (abhyupaiti) - comes under (he goes towards, he attains, he comes under)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

root i, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, Present 3rd singular

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)