महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-39

अकस्मादेव कुप्यन्ति प्रसीदन्त्यनिमित्ततः ।
शीलमेतदसाधूनामभ्रं पारिप्लवं यथा ॥३९॥

39. akasmādeva kupyanti prasīdantyanimittataḥ ,
śīlametadasādhūnāmabhraṁ pāriplavaṁ yathā.

39. akasmāt eva kupyanti prasīdanti animittataḥ
śīlam etat asādhūnām abhram pāriplavam yathā

39. This is the disposition of ignoble persons: they become angry without cause and pleased without reason, just like an unsteady, wandering cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without cause (suddenly, unexpectedly, without cause)

• एव (eva) - an intensifier (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry (they become angry, they are enraged)

• प्रसीदन्ति (prasīdanti) - they become pleased (they become pleased, they calm down, they become gracious)

• अनिमित्ततः (animittataḥ) - without reason (without cause, without reason)

• शीलम् (śīlam) - disposition (character, disposition, nature, habit)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

• असाधूनाम् (asādhūnām) - of ignoble persons (of the wicked, of the ignoble, of the bad persons)

• अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud

• पारिप्लवम् (pāriplavam) - unsteady, wandering (wavering, unsteady, agitated, wandering)

• यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

Words meanings and morphology

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - without cause (suddenly, unexpectedly, without cause)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - an intensifier (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry (they become angry, they are enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kup

Present Tense

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Implied subject is 'asādhūnām' (the wicked).

प्रसीदन्ति (prasīdanti) - they become pleased (they become pleased, they calm down, they become gracious)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prasīd

Present Tense

From root sad (to sit, settle) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'asādhūnām'.

अनिमित्ततः (animittataḥ) - without reason (without cause, without reason)

(indeclinable)

From 'nimitta' (cause, sign) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix '-tas' indicating 'from/by reason of'.

Compound type : negation-tatpuruṣa (a+nimitta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nimitta – cause, reason, sign, omen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial form derived from 'animitta'.

शीलम् (śīlam) - disposition (character, disposition, nature, habit)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - character, disposition, nature, conduct, habit, virtue

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

Note: Refers to the preceding actions.

असाधूनाम् (asādhūnām) - of ignoble persons (of the wicked, of the ignoble, of the bad persons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asādhu

asādhu - bad, wicked, ignoble, dishonest, impious

Compound type : negation-tatpuruṣa (a+sādhu)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Possessive case, 'of the wicked'.

अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhra

abhra - cloud, sky, atmosphere

Note: Subject in the simile.

पारिप्लवम् (pāriplavam) - unsteady, wandering (wavering, unsteady, agitated, wandering)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāriplava

pāriplava - wavering, unsteady, agitated, wandering, floating about

Derived from root plu (to float, to swim) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'abhram'.

यथा (yathā) - just like (as, just as, like)

(indeclinable)