महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-18

दुःशासनस्तूपहन्ता न शास्ता नावर्तते मन्युवशात्कृतघ्नः ।
न कस्यचिन्मित्रमथो दुरात्मा कलाश्चैता अधमस्येह पुंसः ॥१८॥

18. duḥśāsanastūpahantā na śāstā; nāvartate manyuvaśātkṛtaghnaḥ ,
na kasyacinmitramatho durātmā; kalāścaitā adhamasyeha puṁsaḥ.

18. duḥśāsanaḥ tu upahantā na śāstā na
āvartate manyuvaśāt kṛtaghnaḥ na
kasyacit mitram atha u durātmā
kalāḥ ca etāḥ adhamasya iha puṃsaḥ

18. Such a person (like Duḥśāsana, meaning a 'bad ruler') is indeed an oppressor, not a disciplinarian. He is ungrateful and does not relent from the grip of anger. He is no one's friend and is evil-minded. These are the characteristics of a lowest (adhama puruṣa) individual in this world.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - A person with bad governance/character, or Duḥśāsana himself as an example. (bad ruler, ill-disciplined, Duḥśāsana (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• उपहन्ता (upahantā) - destroyer, oppressor, attacker

• न (na) - not, no

• शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, disciplinarian, teacher, guide

• न (na) - not, no

• आवर्तते (āvartate) - turns back, returns, relents

• मन्युवशात् (manyuvaśāt) - from the power of anger, due to wrath

• कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds

• न (na) - not, no

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, of someone

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - evil-minded, wicked person, vile soul

• कलाः (kalāḥ) - parts, qualities, traits, arts

• च (ca) - and, also

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• अधमस्य (adhamasya) - of the lowest, of the meanest

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man, of a person (puruṣa)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - A person with bad governance/character, or Duḥśāsana himself as an example. (bad ruler, ill-disciplined, Duḥśāsana (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - hard to govern, ill-disciplined, a bad ruler; name of a Pāṇḍava brother

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• śāsana – ruling, discipline, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śās' (to rule, to teach).
  Root: śās (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

उपहन्ता (upahantā) - destroyer, oppressor, attacker

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upahantṛ

upahantṛ - destroyer, oppressor, killer, striker

agent noun

From 'upa' + root 'han' + agent suffix 'tṛ'.

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शास्ता (śāstā) - ruler, disciplinarian, teacher, guide

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstṛ

śāstṛ - ruler, teacher, instructor, disciplinarian

agent noun

From root 'śās' + agent suffix 'tṛ'.

Root: śās (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आवर्तते (āvartate) - turns back, returns, relents

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āvṛt

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn) with 'ā' prefix.

मन्युवशात् (manyuvaśāt) - from the power of anger, due to wrath

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of manyuvaśa

manyuvaśa - power of anger, sway of wrath

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manyu+vaśa)

• manyu – anger, wrath, passion
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – control, sway, power, will
  noun (masculine)

कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, one who destroys good deeds

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (kṛta+han)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  verbal derivative (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• han – to kill, to destroy, to strike
  root
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Often functions as a noun for 'an ungrateful person'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, of someone

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a particle of connection.

उ (u) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: This particle often combines with preceding vowels.

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - evil-minded, wicked person, vile soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, vile soul

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

कलाः (kalāḥ) - parts, qualities, traits, arts

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kalā

kalā - a part, a division, a quality, an art

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

अधमस्य (adhamasya) - of the lowest, of the meanest

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, meanest, worst, inferior

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man, of a person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, spirit (puruṣa)