महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-4

हंस उवाच ।
एतत्कार्यममराः संश्रुतं मे धृतिः शमः सत्यधर्मानुवृत्तिः ।
ग्रन्थिं विनीय हृदयस्य सर्वं प्रियाप्रिये चात्मवशं नयीत ॥४॥

4. haṁsa uvāca ,
etatkāryamamarāḥ saṁśrutaṁ me; dhṛtiḥ śamaḥ satyadharmānuvṛttiḥ ,
granthiṁ vinīya hṛdayasya sarvaṁ; priyāpriye cātmavaśaṁ nayīta.

4. haṃsaḥ uvāca etat kāryam amarāḥ
saṃśrutam me dhṛtiḥ śamaḥ satyadharmānuvṛttiḥ
granthim vinīya hṛdayasya
sarvam priyāpriye ca ātmavaśam nayīta

4. The Swan said: O immortals, this is the sacred teaching I have heard: Steadfastness, mental tranquility, and adherence to truth and the intrinsic nature (dharma). Having untied all the knots of the heart, one should bring both likes and dislikes under the control of the self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - the divine swan (incarnation of Atreya) (swan)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this (teaching/duty) (this (neuter nominative singular))

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - (sacred) duty/teaching/purpose (duty, action, what ought to be done, purpose)

• अमराः (amarāḥ) - refers to the Sādhyas (O immortals! O gods!)

• संश्रुतम् (saṁśrutam) - heard (by me) (heard, listened to, known by tradition)

• मे (me) - by me (agent in passive construction) (by me, to me, for me (dative/genitive singular of asmad))

• धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness, fortitude, resolve, patience

• शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility (tranquility, calmness, control of mind/senses)

• सत्यधर्मानुवृत्तिः (satyadharmānuvṛttiḥ) - adherence to truth and natural law (dharma)

• ग्रन्थिम् (granthim) - the knots of attachment or ignorance (knot, bond, attachment)

• विनीय (vinīya) - having untied, having undone (having untied, having removed, having educated)

• हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) - of the heart

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the knots) (all, every, entire)

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - likes and dislikes, agreeable and disagreeable

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मवशम् (ātmavaśam) - under the control of the self (ātman) (under one's own control, self-controlled)

• नयीत (nayīta) - one should bring (under control) (one should lead, one should bring, one should guide)

Words meanings and morphology

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - the divine swan (incarnation of Atreya) (swan)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, gander, the individual soul (ātman)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (teaching/duty) (this (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to the following statement.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - (sacred) duty/teaching/purpose (duty, action, what ought to be done, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - duty, work, what ought to be done, purpose

gerundive

root kṛ + ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative.

अमराः (amarāḥ) - refers to the Sādhyas (O immortals! O gods!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of amara

amara - immortal, god, deity

Prefix: a

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Addresses the Sādhyas.

संश्रुतम् (saṁśrutam) - heard (by me) (heard, listened to, known by tradition)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃśruta

saṁśruta - heard, proclaimed, known by tradition

Past Passive Participle

root śru with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, modifying 'etat kāryam'.

मे (me) - by me (agent in passive construction) (by me, to me, for me (dative/genitive singular of asmad))

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Agent for 'saṃśrutam'.

धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - steadfastness, fortitude, resolve, patience

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - steadfastness, fortitude, resolve, patience, mental firmness

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: One of the qualities.

शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility (tranquility, calmness, control of mind/senses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - calm, tranquility, peace, control of senses

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: One of the qualities.

सत्यधर्मानुवृत्तिः (satyadharmānuvṛttiḥ) - adherence to truth and natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyadharmānuvṛtti

satyadharmānuvṛtti - adherence to truth and natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+dharma+anuvṛtti)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• anuvṛtti – adherence, continuation, conformity
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: One of the qualities.

ग्रन्थिम् (granthim) - the knots of attachment or ignorance (knot, bond, attachment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of granthi

granthi - knot, bond, attachment, entanglement

Root: granth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vinīya'.

विनीय (vinīya) - having untied, having undone (having untied, having removed, having educated)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

root nī with upasargas vi

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Gerund indicating prior action.

हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) - of the heart

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, core

Note: Modifies 'granthim'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the knots) (all, every, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Modifies 'granthim'.

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - likes and dislikes, agreeable and disagreeable

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - agreeable and disagreeable, likes and dislikes

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)
• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nayīta'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

आत्मवशम् (ātmavaśam) - under the control of the self (ātman) (under one's own control, self-controlled)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmavaśa

ātmavaśa - under one's own control, self-controlled

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+vaśa)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, control, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies implied object or is a predicate. Here, it seems to be an adverbial accusative, or agreeing with 'priyāpriye' taken as a single concept (dual used for "pair").

नयीत (nayīta) - one should bring (under control) (one should lead, one should bring, one should guide)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of nī

root nī, optative 3rd singular middle

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Expresses a command or injunction.