महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-36, verse-43

अनवाप्यं च शोकेन शरीरं चोपतप्यते ।
अमित्राश्च प्रहृष्यन्ति मा स्म शोके मनः कृथाः ॥४३॥

43. anavāpyaṁ ca śokena śarīraṁ copatapyate ,
amitrāśca prahṛṣyanti mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ.

43. anavāpyam ca śokena śarīram ca upatapyate
amitrāḥ ca prahṛṣyanti mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ

43. What is unattainable is not gained through sorrow, and the body is afflicted. Moreover, enemies rejoice. Therefore, do not let your mind dwell in sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• अनवाप्यम् (anavāpyam) - unattainable, unobtainable

• च (ca) - and, also

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, through grief

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• च (ca) - and, also

• उपतप्यते (upatapyate) - is tormented, is afflicted, suffers

• अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रहृष्यन्ति (prahṛṣyanti) - rejoice, are delighted

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, heart, spirit

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should make, you should do

Words meanings and morphology

अनवाप्यम् (anavāpyam) - unattainable, unobtainable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anavāpya

anavāpya - unattainable, difficult to obtain, not to be reached

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

from na + ava-√āp 'to obtain'

Prefix: ava

Root: √āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, through grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

from √śuc 'to grieve'

Root: √śuc (class 1)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, frame, physical form

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उपतप्यते (upatapyate) - is tormented, is afflicted, suffers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of √tap

Present Tense, Ātmanepada

3rd person singular, class 4 verb. Passive voice of upa-√tap 'to torment'

Prefix: upa

Root: √tap (class 4)

अमित्राः (amitrāḥ) - enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not a friend

from a- (negation) + mitra 'friend'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रहृष्यन्ति (prahṛṣyanti) - rejoice, are delighted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of √hṛṣ

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person plural, class 4 verb

Prefix: pra

Root: √hṛṣ (class 4)

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

used with Aorist to express prohibition

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

often used with mā for strong prohibition

शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

from √śuc 'to grieve'

Root: √śuc (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, heart, spirit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, spirit, heart

from √man 'to think'

Root: √man (class 4)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should make, you should do

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of √kṛ

Aorist Mood, Ātmanepada

2nd person singular, root aorist (luṅ)

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: prohibitive use with mā sma