महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-53

ततस्तेनाभ्यनुज्ञातो ययौ राजा प्रतर्दनः ।
यथागतं महाराज मुक्त्वा विषमिवोरगः ॥५३॥

53. tatastenābhyanujñāto yayau rājā pratardanaḥ ,
yathāgataṁ mahārāja muktvā viṣamivoragaḥ.

53. tataḥ tena abhyanujñātaḥ yayau rājā pratardanaḥ
yathāgatam mahārāja muktvā viṣam iva uragaḥ

53. mahārāja tataḥ tena abhyanujñātaḥ rājā pratardanaḥ
yathāgatam uragaḥ viṣam iva muktvā yayau

53. Then, permitted by him, King Pratardana departed, O great king, just as he had come, having cast off (his burden) like a serpent sheds its venom.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Viśvāmitra) (by him, by that)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted by him (permitted, granted leave, assented to)

• ययौ (yayau) - departed (went, departed)

• राजा (rājā) - King Pratardana (king)

• प्रतर्दनः (pratardanaḥ) - King Pratardana (also known as Vītahavya) (Pratardana (a proper noun, name of a king))

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - just as he had come (as it came, as he came, as before)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressed to the listener, perhaps Janamejaya or a similar figure narrating) (O great king)

• मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having cast off, having discarded (having released, having abandoned, having shed)

• विषम् (viṣam) - venom, or metaphorical burden/impurity (poison, venom, impurity, danger)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - a serpent (serpent, snake)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

adverb derived from tad

तेन (tena) - by him (Viśvāmitra) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

3rd person pronoun, instrumental singular masculine/neuter

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted by him (permitted, granted leave, assented to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, assented to, granted leave

Past Passive Participle

From root jñā (9th class), with prefixes abhi and anu.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

ययौ (yayau) - departed (went, departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

perfect 3rd person singular

root yā (2nd class), perfect tense.

Root: yā (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - King Pratardana (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem, masculine

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रतर्दनः (pratardanaḥ) - King Pratardana (also known as Vītahavya) (Pratardana (a proper noun, name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratardana

pratardana - Pratardana (name of a king, son of Divodāsa)

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - just as he had come (as it came, as he came, as before)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound (yathā + āgata)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressed to the listener, perhaps Janamejaya or a similar figure narrating) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya or Tatpuruṣa compound: mahā (great) + rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem, masculine
  Root: rāj (class 1)

मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having cast off, having discarded (having released, having abandoned, having shed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root muc (6th class), with suffix -tvā.

Root: muc (class 6)

विषम् (viṣam) - venom, or metaphorical burden/impurity (poison, venom, impurity, danger)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom, impurity, danger

a-stem, neuter

Root: viṣ

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

particle for comparison

उरगः (uragaḥ) - a serpent (serpent, snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - serpent, snake (literally 'chest-goer')

compound 'uras' (chest) + 'ga' (going)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem, neuter
• ga – going, moving
  adjective/suffix (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)