महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-11

स वीतहव्यदायादैरागत्य पुरुषर्षभ ।
गङ्गायमुनयोर्मध्ये संग्रामे विनिपातितः ॥११॥

11. sa vītahavyadāyādairāgatya puruṣarṣabha ,
gaṅgāyamunayormadhye saṁgrāme vinipātitaḥ.

11. sa vītahavyadāyādaiḥ āgatya puruṣarṣabha
gaṅgāyamunayoḥ madhye saṅgrāme vinipātitaḥ

11. puruṣarṣabha sa vītahavyadāyādaiḥ āgatya
gaṅgāyamunayoḥ madhye saṅgrāme vinipātitaḥ

11. O bull among men (puruṣarṣabha), he (Haryaśva) was struck down in a battle between the Gaṅgā and Yamunā by the descendants of Vītahavya, who had advanced there.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to Haryaśva) (he, that)

• वीतहव्यदायादैः (vītahavyadāyādaiḥ) - by the descendants of Vītahavya

• आगत्य (āgatya) - having advanced (in a military context) (having come, after coming, having arrived)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men (puruṣarṣabha) (O best among men, O bull among men)

• गङ्गायमुनयोः (gaṅgāyamunayoḥ) - of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

• विनिपातितः (vinipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to Haryaśva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Haryaśva.

वीतहव्यदायादैः (vītahavyadāyādaiḥ) - by the descendants of Vītahavya

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vītahavyadāyāda

vītahavyadāyāda - descendant of Vītahavya

compound of Vītahavya and dāyāda

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vītahavya+dāyāda)

• vītahavya – name of a king or lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• dāyāda – heir, descendant
  noun (masculine)
  derived from dāya (inheritance) and ada (giving/eating)

Note: These are the antagonists.

आगत्य (āgatya) - having advanced (in a military context) (having come, after coming, having arrived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

prefix ā + root gam + suffix -tya

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men (puruṣarṣabha) (O best among men, O bull among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, bull among men, a distinguished man

compound of puruṣa and ṛṣabha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, male, person, spirit, cosmic person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet commonly used in epic poetry to address a valorous man, often Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya.

गङ्गायमुनयोः (gaṅgāyamunayoḥ) - of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, dual of gaṅgāyamunā

gaṅgāyamunā - the Gaṅgā and Yamunā rivers (dual)

dvandva compound of Gaṅgā and Yamunā

Compound type : dvandva (gaṅgā+yamunā)

• gaṅgā – the river Gaṅgā
  proper noun (feminine)
• yamunā – the river Yamunā
  proper noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the two major rivers of northern India.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition with the genitive.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, combat, war, conflict

compound of sam and grāma (assemblage)

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

Note: The location of the action.

विनिपातितः (vinipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinipātita

vinipātita - struck down, felled, killed, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

derived from root pat with prefixes vi and ni

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sa (he).