महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-31

ततः स कवची धन्वी बाणी दीप्त इवानलः ।
प्रययौ स धनुर्धुन्वन्विवर्षुरिव तोयदः ॥३१॥

31. tataḥ sa kavacī dhanvī bāṇī dīpta ivānalaḥ ,
prayayau sa dhanurdhunvanvivarṣuriva toyadaḥ.

31. tataḥ saḥ kavacī dhanvī bāṇī dīptaḥ iva analaḥ
prayayau saḥ dhanuḥ dhunvan vivarṣuḥ iva toyadaḥ

31. tataḥ saḥ kavacī dhanvī bāṇī dīptaḥ analaḥ iva
saḥ dhanuḥ dhunvan vivarṣuḥ toyadaḥ iva prayayau

31. Then, he, armored, bearing a bow and arrows, shone like blazing fire. He set forth, shaking his bow, like a rain-cloud poised to shower.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

• कवची (kavacī) - armored (armored, wearing armor)

• धन्वी (dhanvī) - wielding a bow (archer, armed with a bow)

• बाणी (bāṇī) - bearing arrows (armed with arrows)

• दीप्तः (dīptaḥ) - shone, blazing (blazing, radiant, splendid)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as it were)

• अनलः (analaḥ) - blazing fire (fire, Agni (god of fire))

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he set forth (he went forth, departed, set out)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his bow (bow)

• धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking (shaking, agitating)

• विवर्षुः (vivarṣuḥ) - poised to shower (rain) (desiring to rain, about to rain)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as it were)

• तोयदः (toyadaḥ) - a rain-cloud (cloud (giver of water))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad' used as an indeclinable

सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कवची (kavacī) - armored (armored, wearing armor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kavacin

kavacin - armored, wearing a coat of mail

from kavaca (armor) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

धन्वी (dhanvī) - wielding a bow (archer, armed with a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, armed with a bow

from dhanu (bow) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

बाणी (bāṇī) - bearing arrows (armed with arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāṇin

bāṇin - armed with arrows

from bāṇa (arrow) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

दीप्तः (dīptaḥ) - shone, blazing (blazing, radiant, splendid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - blazing, radiant, illuminated, splendid

past passive participle

from root dīp (to shine, blaze)

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a simile.

अनलः (analaḥ) - blazing fire (fire, Agni (god of fire))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, heat, Agni (god of fire)

lit. 'not enough', implying insatiable fire

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ala)

• an – not
  prefix
  negative prefix
• ala – sufficient, enough
  adjective (masculine)
  from root alam (to be able)
  Root: alam (class 1)

Note: Used as a comparison.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he set forth (he went forth, departed, set out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-yā

perfect active

root yā (2nd class, adādi) with prefix pra- in perfect tense, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of the verbal action implied by `dhunvan`.

धुन्वन् (dhunvan) - shaking (shaking, agitating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhunvat

dhunvat - shaking, agitating

present active participle

from root dhū (to shake) in present participle form

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`, describes his action while going forth.

विवर्षुः (vivarṣuḥ) - poised to shower (rain) (desiring to rain, about to rain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarṣu

vivarṣu - desirous of raining, about to rain

desiderative agent noun/adjective

from root vṛṣ (to rain) in desiderative stem, then -u suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `toyadaḥ`.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a simile.

तोयदः (toyadaḥ) - a rain-cloud (cloud (giver of water))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of toyada

toyada - cloud (lit. 'water-giver')

Compound type : tatpurusha (toya+da)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, giver
  adjective (masculine)
  noun derived from root dā (to give)
  from root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used as a comparison.