महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-36

वैतहव्यास्तु संश्रुत्य रथघोषं समुद्धतम् ।
निर्ययुर्नगराकारै रथैः पररथारुजैः ॥३६॥

36. vaitahavyāstu saṁśrutya rathaghoṣaṁ samuddhatam ,
niryayurnagarākārai rathaiḥ pararathārujaiḥ.

36. vaitahavyāḥ tu saṃśrutya rathaghoṣam samuddhūtam
niryayuḥ nagarākāraiḥ rathaiḥ pararathārujaiḥ

36. Upon hearing the mighty roar of chariots, the Vaitahavyas advanced with their city-like chariots, which were capable of crushing enemy chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• वैतहव्याः (vaitahavyāḥ) - the descendants of Vitahavya, the Vaitahavyas

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• संश्रुत्य (saṁśrutya) - having heard, having listened well

• रथघोषम् (rathaghoṣam) - the sound of a chariot, chariot-roar

• समुद्धूतम् (samuddhūtam) - (referring to the chariot-roar) mighty, roaring (mighty, loud, upraised, agitated)

• निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they issued forth, they went out

• नगराकारैः (nagarākāraiḥ) - city-like, resembling cities

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

• पररथारुजैः (pararathārujaiḥ) - destroying enemy chariots

Words meanings and morphology

वैतहव्याः (vaitahavyāḥ) - the descendants of Vitahavya, the Vaitahavyas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaitahavya

vaitahavya - descendant of Vitahavya

patronymic from Vitahavya

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

संश्रुत्य (saṁśrutya) - having heard, having listened well

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from sam-√śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā (replaced by -ya after prefix)

Prefix: sam

Root: śru (class 1)

रथघोषम् (rathaghoṣam) - the sound of a chariot, chariot-roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - chariot sound, roar of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

समुद्धूतम् (samuddhūtam) - (referring to the chariot-roar) mighty, roaring (mighty, loud, upraised, agitated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samuddhūta

samuddhūta - lifted up, excited, agitated, mighty, loud

past passive participle

from sam-ut-√dhū (to shake, agitate)

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: It qualifies rathaghoṣam, taking the masculine gender.

निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they issued forth, they went out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of niryā

perfect 3rd plural

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

नगराकारैः (nagarākāraiḥ) - city-like, resembling cities

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nagarākāra

nagarākāra - city-like, resembling a city

Compound type : bahuvrihi or karmadhāraya (nagara+ākāra)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance, resemblance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies rathaiḥ.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

पररथारुजैः (pararathārujaiḥ) - destroying enemy chariots

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pararathāruja

pararathāruja - destroying enemy chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ratha+āruja)

• para – enemy, other, hostile
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• āruja – breaking, crushing, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  from ā-√ruj (to break)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies rathaiḥ.