महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-29

स जातमात्रो ववृधे समाः सद्यस्त्रयोदश ।
वेदं चाधिजगे कृत्स्नं धनुर्वेदं च भारत ॥२९॥

29. sa jātamātro vavṛdhe samāḥ sadyastrayodaśa ,
vedaṁ cādhijage kṛtsnaṁ dhanurvedaṁ ca bhārata.

29. saḥ jātamātraḥ vavṛdhe samāḥ sadyaḥ trayodaśa
vedam ca adhijage kṛtsnam dhanurvedam ca bhārata

29. saḥ jātamātraḥ sadyaḥ trayodaśa samāḥ vavṛdhe bhārata,
kṛtsnam vedam ca kṛtsnam dhanurvedam ca adhijage

29. Immediately upon birth, he attained the growth equivalent to thirteen years. And, O Bhārata, he mastered the entire Veda and the science of archery (dhanurveda).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

• जातमात्रः (jātamātraḥ) - immediately upon birth (as soon as born, immediately after birth)

• ववृधे (vavṛdhe) - grew (to maturity) (grew, increased, prospered)

• समाः (samāḥ) - years (referring to age/growth) (years)

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, freshly)

• त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

• वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda (as a body of scriptures) (Veda, sacred knowledge)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अधिजगे (adhijage) - he mastered (he learned, he mastered, he studied)

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (entire, whole, complete)

• धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery (the science of archery, skill in weapons)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Pratardana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जातमात्रः (jātamātraḥ) - immediately upon birth (as soon as born, immediately after birth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jātamātra

jātamātra - just born, as soon as born

from jāta (past passive participle of jan 'to be born') + mātra (mere, only)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāta+mātra)

• jāta – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• mātra – only, mere, just
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

ववृधे (vavṛdhe) - grew (to maturity) (grew, increased, prospered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of vṛdh

perfect middle

root vṛdh (1st class, bhvādi) in perfect tense

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

समाः (samāḥ) - years (referring to age/growth) (years)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Accusative of duration, 'for thirteen years'.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, freshly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the verb `vavṛdhe`.

त्रयोदश (trayodaśa) - thirteen

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (tri+daśan)

• tri – three
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Agrees with `samāḥ`.

वेदम् (vedam) - the Veda (as a body of scriptures) (Veda, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - sacred knowledge, Veda

from root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of `adhijage`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'Veda' and 'Dhanurveda'.

अधिजगे (adhijage) - he mastered (he learned, he mastered, he studied)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of adhi-gā

perfect middle

root gā (3rd class, juhotyādi) with prefix adhi- in perfect tense, middle voice

Prefix: adhi

Root: gā (class 3)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (entire, whole, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

Note: Agrees with `vedam` and `dhanurvedam`.

धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery (the science of archery, skill in weapons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanurveda

dhanurveda - the science of archery, military science

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanu+veda)

• dhanu – bow
  noun (neuter)
• veda – knowledge, science
  noun (masculine)
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of `adhijage`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'Veda' and 'Dhanurveda'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian

patronymic from Bharata

Note: Used as a conventional address in the Mahābhārata.