महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-10

काशिष्वपि नृपो राजन्दिवोदासपितामहः ।
हर्यश्व इति विख्यातो बभूव जयतां वरः ॥१०॥

10. kāśiṣvapi nṛpo rājandivodāsapitāmahaḥ ,
haryaśva iti vikhyāto babhūva jayatāṁ varaḥ.

10. kāśiṣu api nṛpaḥ rājan divodāsapitāmahaḥ
haryaśvaḥ iti vikhyātaḥ babhūva jayatām varaḥ

10. rājan kāśiṣu api divodāsapitāmahaḥ haryaśvaḥ
iti vikhyātaḥ nṛpaḥ jayatām varaḥ babhūva

10. O king, there was also a monarch in Kāśi, renowned as Haryaśva, who was the paternal grandfather of Divodāsa and was considered the best among conquerors.

Words meanings summery:

• काशिषु (kāśiṣu) - in Kāśi, in Varanasi

• अपि (api) - also, even

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दिवोदासपितामहः (divodāsapitāmahaḥ) - Divodāsa's paternal grandfather

• हर्य्श्वः (haryśvaḥ) - Haryaśva (a proper name)

• इति (iti) - thus, by name

• विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - renowned, famous

• बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

• जयताम् (jayatām) - of conquerors, of victors

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

Words meanings and morphology

काशिषु (kāśiṣu) - in Kāśi, in Varanasi

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kāśi

kāśi - Kāśi, an ancient kingdom and city (Varanasi)

Note: Historically, Kāśi could refer to the city or the people of the kingdom. Here, it refers to the place.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the listener.

दिवोदासपितामहः (divodāsapitāmahaḥ) - Divodāsa's paternal grandfather

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divodāsapitāmaha

divodāsapitāmaha - paternal grandfather of Divodāsa

compound of Divodāsa and pitāmaha

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (divodāsa+pitāmaha)

• divodāsa – name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – paternal grandfather
  noun (masculine)

हर्य्श्वः (haryśvaḥ) - Haryaśva (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haryaśva

haryaśva - name of a king

compound of hari (bay/tawny horse) and aśva (horse)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hari+aśva)

• hari – bay, tawny, golden, green; horse; name of Vishnu/Indra
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - thus, by name

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce a name or title.

विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - renowned, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikhyāta

vikhyāta - famous, well-known, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

derived from root khyā with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ and haryaśvaḥ.

बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

जयताम् (jayatām) - of conquerors, of victors

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jayat

jayat - conquering, victorious

Present Active Participle

from root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Also functions as a noun for 'victors'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ and haryaśvaḥ.