महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-31, verse-15

तमप्याजौ विनिर्जित्य प्रतिजग्मुर्यथागतम् ।
सौदेविस्त्वथ काशीशो दिवोदासोऽभ्यषिच्यत ॥१५॥

15. tamapyājau vinirjitya pratijagmuryathāgatam ,
saudevistvatha kāśīśo divodāso'bhyaṣicyata.

15. tam api ājau vinirjitya pratijagmuḥ yathāgatam
saudeviḥ tu atha kāśīśaḥ divodāsaḥ abhyaṣicyata

15. Having defeated him too in battle, they returned the way they had come. Then, Divodāsa, the son of Sudeva (Saudevi) and lord of Kāśī, was consecrated.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - refers to King Sudeva (him, that)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

• विनिर्जित्य (vinirjitya) - having completely defeated

• प्रतिजग्मुः (pratijagmuḥ) - they returned

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as they had come, in the manner of their arrival

• सौदेविः (saudeviḥ) - son of Sudeva (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, then, indeed

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• काशीशः (kāśīśaḥ) - lord of Kāśī, king of Kāśī

• दिवोदासः (divodāsaḥ) - Divodāsa (proper name)

• अभ्यषिच्यत (abhyaṣicyata) - was consecrated, was installed (as king)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - refers to King Sudeva (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sudeva from the previous verse.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'him also'.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, conflict, race

Note: Location of the defeat.

विनिर्जित्य (vinirjitya) - having completely defeated

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root ji + suffix -ya (after upasargas vi- and nir-)

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Describes the action preceding their return.

प्रतिजग्मुः (pratijagmuḥ) - they returned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prati-gam

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

root gam, perfect tense, with upasarga prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb for the Vītahavyas.

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as they had come, in the manner of their arrival

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam with upasarga ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adverbial, describing the manner of return.

सौदेविः (saudeviḥ) - son of Sudeva (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saudevi

saudevi - son of Sudeva, descendant of Sudeva (proper name)

patronymic from Sudeva

Note: An alternative name/epithet for Divodāsa.

तु (tu) - but, then, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating transition or emphasis.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

काशीशः (kāśīśaḥ) - lord of Kāśī, king of Kāśī

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśīśa

kāśīśa - lord of Kāśī, king of Kāśī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāśī+īśa)

• kāśī – Kāśī (ancient city)
  proper noun (feminine)
• īśa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Divodāsa.

दिवोदासः (divodāsaḥ) - Divodāsa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divodāsa

divodāsa - Divodāsa (proper name, 'servant of heaven/gods')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (diva+dāsa)

• diva – heaven, sky, day, god
  noun (masculine)
• dāsa – servant, slave
  noun (masculine)

Note: The new king being consecrated.

अभ्यषिच्यत (abhyaṣicyata) - was consecrated, was installed (as king)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of abhi-ṣic

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

root sic (changed to ṣic due to retroflexion), imperfect tense, middle voice (ātmanepada), with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: ṣic (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.