महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-26, verse-47

नर्मदायामुपस्पृश्य तथा सूर्पारकोदके ।
एकपक्षं निराहारो राजपुत्रो विधीयते ॥४७॥

47. narmadāyāmupaspṛśya tathā sūrpārakodake ,
ekapakṣaṁ nirāhāro rājaputro vidhīyate.

47. narmadāyām upaspr̥śya tathā sūrpāraka udake
ekapakṣam nirāhāraḥ rājaputraḥ vidhīyate

47. A prince who bathes in the Narmadā, and similarly in the waters of Śūrpāraka, and remains without food for one fortnight, undertakes an observance.

Words meanings summery:

• नर्मदायाम् (narmadāyām) - in the Narmadā river

• उपस्प्र्̥श्य (upaspr̥śya) - having touched, having bathed

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

• सूर्पारक (sūrpāraka) - of Śūrpāraka

• उदके (udake) - in the waters of Śūrpāraka (in the water, in the waters)

• एकपक्षम् (ekapakṣam) - for one fortnight

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

• राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - a prince, son of a king

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - undertakes an observance or vow (is performed, is ordained, undertakes)

Words meanings and morphology

नर्मदायाम् (narmadāyām) - in the Narmadā river

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of narmadā

narmadā - Narmadā (a sacred river)

उपस्प्र्̥श्य (upaspr̥śya) - having touched, having bathed

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Derived from root 'spr̥ś' (to touch) with upasarga 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: spr̥ś (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

(indeclinable)

सूर्पारक (sūrpāraka) - of Śūrpāraka

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of sūrpāraka

sūrpāraka - Śūrpāraka (ancient name for modern Sopara, a coastal town)

Note: Used as part of a compound 'Sūrpāraka udake' meaning 'in the waters of Śūrpāraka'.

उदके (udake) - in the waters of Śūrpāraka (in the water, in the waters)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und (class 7)

एकपक्षम् (ekapakṣam) - for one fortnight

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekapakṣa

ekapakṣa - one fortnight

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+pakṣa)

• eka – one
  numeral
• pakṣa – fortnight, side, wing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - fasting, abstaining from food

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, taking in
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'hṛ' with upasarga 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājaputraḥ'.

राजपुत्रः (rājaputraḥ) - a prince, son of a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - undertakes an observance or vow (is performed, is ordained, undertakes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhā

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: In this context, it implies undertaking an observance or vow.