महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-26, verse-38

तथा ब्रह्मशिरो गत्वा भागीरथ्यां कृतोदकः ।
एकमासं निराहारः सोमलोकमवाप्नुयात् ॥३८॥

38. tathā brahmaśiro gatvā bhāgīrathyāṁ kṛtodakaḥ ,
ekamāsaṁ nirāhāraḥ somalokamavāpnuyāt.

38. tathā brahmaśiraḥ gatvā bhāgīrathyām kṛtodakaḥ
ekamāsam nirāhāraḥ somalokam avāpnuyāt

38. tathā kṛtodakaḥ nirāhāraḥ ekamāsam brahmaśiraḥ
gatvā bhāgīrathyām somalokam avāpnuyāt

38. Likewise, one who, having gone to Brahmaśiras and offered water in the Bhagirathi (Ganges) river, and who fasts for one month, attains the lunar world (somaloka).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (and, likewise, thus)

• ब्रह्मशिरः (brahmaśiraḥ) - a holy place named Brahmaśiras (Brahma's head (a holy place))

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• भागीरथ्याम् (bhāgīrathyām) - in the Bhagirathi (Ganges) river (in the Bhagirathi (Ganges river))

• कृतोदकः (kṛtodakaḥ) - one who has performed water offerings

• एकमासम् (ekamāsam) - for one month (one month)

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - fasting, without food

• सोमलोकम् (somalokam) - lunar world, world of Soma

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - attains (may attain, should attain)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - likewise (and, likewise, thus)

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मशिरः (brahmaśiraḥ) - a holy place named Brahmaśiras (Brahma's head (a holy place))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmaśiras

brahmaśiras - Brahma's head, name of a tīrtha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+śiras)

• brahman – Brahma (the creator god)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: accusative singular, object of gatvā

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root gam, suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: expresses a prior action

भागीरथ्याम् (bhāgīrathyām) - in the Bhagirathi (Ganges) river (in the Bhagirathi (Ganges river))

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhāgīrathī

bhāgīrathī - the Ganges river (brought by Bhagiratha)

कृतोदकः (kṛtodakaḥ) - one who has performed water offerings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtodaka

kṛtodaka - one who has offered water, performed water ablutions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+udaka)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: agrees with the implicit subject (naraḥ)

एकमासम् (ekamāsam) - for one month (one month)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekamāsa

ekamāsa - one month

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+māsa)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

Note: accusative to denote duration of time

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - fasting, without food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out
  prefix
• āhāra – food, sustenance, intake
  noun (masculine)
  from ā-hṛ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ

Note: agrees with the implicit subject (naraḥ)

सोमलोकम् (somalokam) - lunar world, world of Soma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of somaloka

somaloka - lunar world, world of the moon god Soma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (soma+loka)

• soma – moon, Soma (a deity)
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - attains (may attain, should attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āp

Optative Active

from ava-āp, 5th conjugation, Parasmaipada

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)