महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-101, verse-9

सुमनोभिर्यदिज्यन्ते दैवतानि प्रजेश्वर ।
किमेतत्कथमुत्पन्नं फलयोगं च शंस मे ॥९॥

9. sumanobhiryadijyante daivatāni prajeśvara ,
kimetatkathamutpannaṁ phalayogaṁ ca śaṁsa me.

9. sumanobhiḥ yadi ijyante daivatāni prajeśvara
kim etat katham utpannam phalayogam ca śaṃsa me

9. prajeśvara yadi daivatāni sumanobhiḥ ijyante
kim etat katham utpannam ca me phalayogam śaṃsa

9. O lord of beings, if the deities are worshipped with flowers, what is this? How did it originate? And please explain to me its connection to the fruits of actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• सुमनोभिः (sumanobhiḥ) - by flowers (used as offerings in worship) (by good minds, by good-hearted ones, by flowers)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)

• इज्यन्ते (ijyante) - are worshipped (are worshipped, are sacrificed, are performed)

• दैवतानि (daivatāni) - deities (deities, divine beings)

• प्रजेश्वर (prajeśvara) - O lord of beings (vocative addressing an important person) (O lord of creatures, O king, O ruler of people)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, what kind of?)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how?, in what manner?, why?)

• उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - originated, arisen (arisen, produced, born, originated)

• फलयोगम् (phalayogam) - the connection to the fruits of actions (karma) (connection to results, association with fruits)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, explain (tell, declare, praise)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

सुमनोभिः (sumanobhiḥ) - by flowers (used as offerings in worship) (by good minds, by good-hearted ones, by flowers)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sumanas

sumanas - well-disposed, benevolent, cheerful, a flower

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+manas)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, heart, intellect, soul, thought, wish
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Can mean 'by good minds/people' or 'by flowers'. Context of worship suggests flowers.

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case that)

(indeclinable)

इज्यन्ते (ijyante) - are worshipped (are worshipped, are sacrificed, are performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of √yaj

Present Passive

Root √yaj, 1st conjugation, atmanepada, passive voice, 3rd person plural, present tense.

Root: yaj (class 1)

दैवतानि (daivatāni) - deities (deities, divine beings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of devatā

devatā - a deity, divinity, godhead

Derived from deva (god) + -tā (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns, here meaning a collection of deities or deity in general)

Note: Could also be accusative plural depending on verb (but `ijyante` is passive, so nominative).

प्रजेश्वर (prajeśvara) - O lord of beings (vocative addressing an important person) (O lord of creatures, O king, O ruler of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prajeśvara

prajeśvara - lord of creatures, lord of progeny, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+īśvara)

• prajā – creatures, subjects, people, progeny, offspring
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  From √īś (to rule) + -vara suffix
  Root: īś (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?, what kind of?)

(interrogative pronoun)

एतत् (etat) - this (this, that)

(demonstrative pronoun)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how?, in what manner?, why?)

(indeclinable)

उत्पन्नम् (utpannam) - originated, arisen (arisen, produced, born, originated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utpanna

utpanna - arisen, produced, born, manifested

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix `ut` + root `√pad` (to go) + suffix `-kta` (past passive participle).

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing `etat`.

फलयोगम् (phalayogam) - the connection to the fruits of actions (karma) (connection to results, association with fruits)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalayoga

phalayoga - connection with fruit, outcome, result

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+yoga)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)
• yoga – union, connection, application, method, spiritual practice, conjunction
  noun (masculine)
  From √yuj (to join, to unite) + -a suffix.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Direct object of `śaṃsa`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, explain (tell, declare, praise)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √śaṃs

Imperative

Root √śaṃs, 1st conjugation, parasmaipada, 2nd person singular, imperative mood.

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Enclitic form of asmad.