महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-101, verse-47

यस्मादूर्ध्वगमेतत्तु तमसश्चैव भेषजम् ।
तस्मादूर्ध्वगतेर्दाता भवेदिति विनिश्चयः ॥४७॥

47. yasmādūrdhvagametattu tamasaścaiva bheṣajam ,
tasmādūrdhvagaterdātā bhavediti viniścayaḥ.

47. yasmāt ūrdhvagām etat tu tamasaḥ ca eva bheṣajam
| tasmāt ūrdhvagateḥ dātā bhavet iti viniścayaḥ

47. yasmāt etat tu ūrdhvagām tamasaḥ ca eva bheṣajam
tasmāt dātā ūrdhvagateḥ bhavet iti viniścayaḥ

47. Since this (light) goes upwards and is indeed a remedy for darkness (tamas), it is therefore a firm conviction that one should be a giver of upward progress.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since (since, because, from which)

• ऊर्ध्वगाम् (ūrdhvagām) - goes upwards (going upwards, ascending, sublime)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to light) (this, this one)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - for darkness (tamas) (of darkness, of gloom, of inertia)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, just)

• भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - remedy (medicine, remedy, cure)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, on account of that)

• ऊर्ध्वगतेः (ūrdhvagateḥ) - of upward progress (of upward movement, of ascent, of a higher state/destination)

• दाता (dātā) - a giver (giver, bestower)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)

• इति (iti) - that (introducing a conclusion) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

• विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - a firm conviction (firm conviction, certainty, decision, ascertainment)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - since (since, because, from which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative form of the relative pronoun yad, used adverbially.

ऊर्ध्वगाम् (ūrdhvagām) - goes upwards (going upwards, ascending, sublime)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ūrdhvaga

ūrdhvaga - going upwards, ascending, moving upwards, tending upwards, sublime

Compound type : tatpurusha (ūrdhva+ga)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated, above
  adjective (neuter)
• ga – going, moving, residing in
  adjective
  agent noun/participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Describes 'etat' (this, i.e., light).

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to light) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this (demonstrative pronoun)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - for darkness (tamas) (of darkness, of gloom, of inertia)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertness, the quality of inertia (tamas)

Note: Used with bheṣajam as 'remedy for darkness'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, just)

(indeclinable)

भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - remedy (medicine, remedy, cure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bheṣaja

bheṣaja - medicine, remedy, cure, medicament

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, on account of that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative form used as an indeclinable adverb.

ऊर्ध्वगतेः (ūrdhvagateḥ) - of upward progress (of upward movement, of ascent, of a higher state/destination)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of ūrdhvaga

ūrdhvaga - upward movement, ascent, high state, higher destiny

Compound type : tatpurusha (ūrdhva+gati)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated, above
  adjective (neuter)
• gati – going, movement, course, progress, state, destination
  noun (feminine)
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (class 1)

दाता (dātā) - a giver (giver, bestower)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, bestower, donor

agent noun

From √dā + tṛc affix

Root: √dā (class 3)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: √bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - that (introducing a conclusion) (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - a firm conviction (firm conviction, certainty, decision, ascertainment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - firm conviction, certainty, decision, ascertainment, determination

nominalization

From vi-ni-√ci + aya

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: √ci (class 5)