महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-101, verse-14

ततः पप्रच्छ दैत्येन्द्रः कवीन्द्रं प्रश्नमुत्तमम् ।
सुमनोधूपदीपानां किं फलं ब्रह्मवित्तम ।
प्रदानस्य द्विजश्रेष्ठ तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ॥१४॥

14. tataḥ papraccha daityendraḥ kavīndraṁ praśnamuttamam ,
sumanodhūpadīpānāṁ kiṁ phalaṁ brahmavittama ,
pradānasya dvijaśreṣṭha tadbhavānvaktumarhati.

14. tataḥ papraccha daityendraḥ kavīndram
praśnam uttamam | sumanodhūpadīpānām
kim phalam brahmavittama | pradānasya
dvijaśreṣṭha tat bhavān vaktum arhati

14. tataḥ daityendraḥ kavīndram uttamam
praśnam papraccha brahmavittama
sumanodhūpadīpānām kim phalam dvijaśreṣṭha
bhavān pradānasya tat vaktum arhati

14. Then, the lord of the Asuras asked the chief of poets an excellent question: "What is the result of [the offering of] flowers, incense, and lamps, O best knower of the ultimate reality (brahman)? O best among the twice-born (dvija), you should explain that."

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked

• दैत्येन्द्रः (daityendraḥ) - lord of the Daityas (demons/Asuras)

• कवीन्द्रम् (kavīndram) - the chief of poets

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

• सुमनोधूपदीपानाम् (sumanodhūpadīpānām) - of flowers, incense, and lamps

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, how?

• फलम् (phalam) - result, fruit, outcome

• ब्रह्मवित्तम (brahmavittama) - O best knower of Brahman (brahman)

• प्रदानस्य (pradānasya) - of the giving, of the offering

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among the twice-born (dvija)

• तत् (tat) - that

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is worthy, should

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of praś

Perfect tense, intensive/reduplicated form.

Root: praś (class 6)

दैत्येन्द्रः (daityendraḥ) - lord of the Daityas (demons/Asuras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daityendra

daityendra - lord of the Daityas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daitya+indra)

• daitya – a descendant of Diti, a demon
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id (class 1)

कवीन्द्रम् (kavīndram) - the chief of poets

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kavīndra

kavīndra - chief of poets

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kavi+indra)

• kavi – poet, wise man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ku (class 2)
• indra – lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śukra.

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - question

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

Derived from root praś (to ask).

Root: praś (class 6)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, supreme

Superlative form.

Prefix: ut

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with praśnam.

सुमनोधूपदीपानाम् (sumanodhūpadīpānām) - of flowers, incense, and lamps

(noun)

Genitive, plural of sumanodhūpadīpa

sumanodhūpadīpa - flowers, incense, and lamps

Compound type : dvandva (sumanas+dhūpa+dīpa)

• sumanas – flower, good-minded
  noun (neuter)
• dhūpa – incense
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhup (class 1)
• dīpa – lamp, light
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dīp (class 4)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, how?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

फलम् (phalam) - result, fruit, outcome

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence

Root: phal (class 1)

ब्रह्मवित्तम (brahmavittama) - O best knower of Brahman (brahman)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmavittama

brahmavittama - best knower of Brahman

Superlative compound of brahmavid (knower of Brahman).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmavid+tama)

• brahmavid – knower of Brahman
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from brahman + vid.
  Root: vid (class 2)
• tama – best (superlative suffix)
  suffix (masculine)
  Superlative suffix.

Note: Refers to Śukra.

प्रदानस्य (pradānasya) - of the giving, of the offering

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, offering, bestowing

Formed from pra + dā (verb root, class 3) + lyuṭ (ana) suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Relates to the offering of flowers etc.

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among the twice-born (dvija)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best among the twice-born

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  dvi (two) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of praśasya.

Note: Refers to Śukra.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to the "result" (phalam).

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), sir

Present Active Participle

Derived from bhū (to be) + śatṛ (at). Used as a respectful pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śukra.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell

(verb)

active, infinitive of vac

infinitive

Formed from vac (to speak) + tumun suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with arhati.

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, is worthy, should

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Used with infinitive vaktum.