महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-101, verse-45

ज्योतिस्तेजः प्रकाशश्चाप्यूर्ध्वगं चापि वर्ण्यते ।
प्रदानं तेजसां तस्मात्तेजो वर्धयते नृणाम् ॥४५॥

45. jyotistejaḥ prakāśaścāpyūrdhvagaṁ cāpi varṇyate ,
pradānaṁ tejasāṁ tasmāttejo vardhayate nṛṇām.

45. jyotiḥ tejaḥ prakāśaḥ ca api ūrdhvagām ca api varṇyate
| pradānam tejasām tasmāt tejaḥ vardhayate nṛṇām

45. jyotiḥ tejaḥ prakāśaḥ ca api ūrdhvagām ca api varṇyate
tasmāt nṛṇām tejasām pradānam tejaḥ vardhayate

45. Light (jyotis), brilliance (tejas), and illumination are described as always ascending. Therefore, the giving of sources of brilliance increases the splendor of human beings.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - light, radiance (light, radiance, splendor, celestial body)

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, splendor (brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power)

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - illumination (light, radiance, manifestation, illumination)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• ऊर्ध्वगाम् (ūrdhvagām) - ascending (going upwards, ascending, sublime)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• वर्ण्यते (varṇyate) - is described (is described, is praised, is depicted)

• प्रदानम् (pradānam) - the giving (giving, donation, offering, bestowing)

• तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of sources of brilliance (of brilliances, of splendors, of energies, of lights)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, on account of that)

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor (brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power)

• वर्धयते (vardhayate) - increases (increases, causes to grow, promotes)

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of people, of human beings)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - light, radiance (light, radiance, splendor, celestial body)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, brilliance, radiance, star, celestial body, fire, flame

तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, splendor (brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power, semen, sharp edge

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - illumination (light, radiance, manifestation, illumination)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, radiance, manifestation, appearance, publicity

Prefix: pra

Root: √kāś (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वगाम् (ūrdhvagām) - ascending (going upwards, ascending, sublime)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ūrdhvaga

ūrdhvaga - going upwards, ascending, moving upwards, tending upwards, sublime

Compound type : tatpurusha (ūrdhva+ga)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated, above
  adjective (neuter)
• ga – going, moving, residing in
  adjective
  agent noun/participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe jyotiḥ, tejaḥ, prakāśaḥ, taking the form of the noun in the accusative or nominative neuter.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

वर्ण्यते (varṇyate) - is described (is described, is praised, is depicted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of varṇ

Passive voice of √varṇ (10th class verb form or causative of √vṛ)

Root: √varṇ (class 10)

प्रदानम् (pradānam) - the giving (giving, donation, offering, bestowing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, donation, offering, bestowal, gift

nominalization

From pra-√dā + ana

Prefix: pra

Root: √dā (class 3)

तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of sources of brilliance (of brilliances, of splendors, of energies, of lights)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power, semen, sharp edge

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, on account of that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative form used as an indeclinable adverb.

तेजः (tejaḥ) - splendor (brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, energy, light, fiery energy, power, semen, sharp edge

वर्धयते (vardhayate) - increases (increases, causes to grow, promotes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vṛdh

Causative form of root √vṛdh (1st class)

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Causative verb

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of human beings (of men, of people, of human beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, person, human being