महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-273, verse-20

ज्ञात्वा गृहीतं शक्रं तु द्विजप्रवरहत्यया ।
ब्रह्मा संचिन्तयामास तदा भरतसत्तम ॥२०॥

20. jñātvā gṛhītaṁ śakraṁ tu dvijapravarahatyayā ,
brahmā saṁcintayāmāsa tadā bharatasattama.

20. jñātvā gṛhītam śakram tu dvijapravarahatyayā
brahmā sañcintayāmāsa tadā bharatasattama

20. bharatasattama,
tu dvijapravarahatyayā śakram gṛhītam jñātvā brahmā tadā sañcintayāmāsa.

20. O best among the Bharatas, when Brahmā understood that Indra (Śakra) had indeed been seized by the sin of killing the foremost Brahmin, he then began to ponder.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

• गृहीतम् (gṛhītam) - seized (by the sin) (seized, taken)

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• द्विजप्रवरहत्यया (dvijapravarahatyayā) - by the sin of killing the foremost Brahmin (by the killing of the best of the twice-born (Brahmins))

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator god))

• सञ्चिन्तयामास (sañcintayāmāsa) - he began to ponder (he pondered deeply, he reflected)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bharatas (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'jñā' (to know) + suffix 'tvā' (absolutive marker).

Root: jñā (class 9)

गृहीतम् (gṛhītam) - seized (by the sin) (seized, taken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhīta

gṛhīta - seized, taken, captured, accepted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'grah' (to seize, take).

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate to 'śakram' within the subordinate clause.

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, strong, capable; a name of Indra

Derived from root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Object of implied knowledge in the gerundial construction.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

द्विजप्रवरहत्यया (dvijapravarahatyayā) - by the sin of killing the foremost Brahmin (by the killing of the best of the twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dvijapravarahatyā

dvijapravarahatyā - the killing of the best of Brahmins (dvija-pravara-hatyā)

Compound of 'dvija' (twice-born, Brahmin), 'pravara' (foremost, best), and 'hatyā' (killing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+pravara+hatyā)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'ja' (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pravara – chief, principal, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'pra' (before, forth) + 'vṛ' (to choose).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛ (class 9)
• hatyā – killing, murder, slaughter
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause or agent by which Indra was seized.

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (Brahmā (the creator god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator god), the ultimate reality (brahman)

'an'-stem noun, masculine singular nominative refers to the deity Brahmā.N

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'sañcintayāmāsa'.

सञ्चिन्तयामास (sañcintayāmāsa) - he began to ponder (he pondered deeply, he reflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sañcint

Periphrastic Perfect tense, Active voice

Formed with prefix 'sam' + root 'cint' (to think), causative stem, using auxiliary 'ās' in perfect.

Prefix: sam

Root: cint (class 10)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best among the Bharatas (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best of the Bharatas, most excellent among Bharatas

Compound of 'bharata' (descendant of Bharata) and 'sattama' (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, a country
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from 'sat' (good, existent).
  Root: as (class 2)