योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-183, verse-1

कुन्ददन्त उवाच ।
ततः पृष्टो मया तत्र स गौर्याश्रमतापसः ।
तापसंशुष्कदर्भाग्रजराजर्जरमूर्धजः ॥ १ ॥

kundadanta uvāca ,
tataḥ pṛṣṭo mayā tatra sa gauryāśramatāpasaḥ ,
tāpasaṃśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhajaḥ 1

1. kundadanta uvāca tataḥ pṛṣṭaḥ mayā tatra saḥ
gauryāśramatāpasaḥ tāpasaṃśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhajaḥ

1. kundadanta uvāca tatra mayā tāpasaṃśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhajaḥ
saḥ gauryāśramatāpasaḥ tataḥ pṛṣṭaḥ

1. Kundadanta said: Then, I questioned that ascetic of Gaurī's hermitage, whose hair was extremely withered and dilapidated like the dry blades of darbha grass due to his ascetic practices.

Words meanings summery:

• कुन्ददन्त (kundadanta) - Kundadanta, the speaker (Kundadanta (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thence, from there)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (asked, questioned)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सः (saḥ) - that (ascetic) (he, that)

• गौर्याश्रमतापसः (gauryāśramatāpasaḥ) - ascetic of Gaurī's hermitage

• तापसंशुष्कदर्भाग्रजराजर्जरमूर्धजः (tāpasaṁśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhajaḥ) - whose hair was extremely withered and dilapidated like the dry blades of darbha grass due to asceticism

Words meanings and morphology

कुन्ददन्त (kundadanta) - Kundadanta, the speaker (Kundadanta (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kundadanta

kundadanta - name of an individual; one with jasmine-like teeth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kunda+danta)

• kunda – jasmine
  noun (neuter)
• danta – tooth
  noun (masculine)

Note: speaker of the verse

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form

Irregular perfect stem from root vac (to speak), 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thence, from there)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with -tas suffix indicating origin or sequence.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned (asked, questioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root prach (to ask)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: modifies 'saḥ gauryāśramatāpasaḥ'

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, self

Note: agent of the action 'asked'

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative adverbial formation from tad (that)

सः (saḥ) - that (ascetic) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to the ascetic

गौर्याश्रमतापसः (gauryāśramatāpasaḥ) - ascetic of Gaurī's hermitage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gauryāśramatāpasa

gauryāśramatāpasa - ascetic of Gaurī's hermitage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaurī+āśrama+tāpasa)

• gaurī – Gaurī (name of a goddess, a form of Pārvatī)
  proper noun (feminine)
• āśrama – hermitage, abode, spiritual retreat
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)
• tāpasa – ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from tapas (austerity)

Note: subject of the sentence, being questioned

तापसंशुष्कदर्भाग्रजराजर्जरमूर्धजः (tāpasaṁśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhajaḥ) - whose hair was extremely withered and dilapidated like the dry blades of darbha grass due to asceticism

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpasaṃśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhaja

tāpasaṁśuṣkadarbhāgrajarājarjaramūrdhaja - whose hair is extremely withered like dry darbha grass tips due to asceticism

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tāpasa+śuṣka+darbha+agra+jarā+jarjara+mūrdhaja)

• tāpasa – asceticism, austerity
  noun (neuter)
• śuṣka – dry, withered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śuṣ (to dry)
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• darbha – darbha grass (Poa cynosuroides), sacred grass
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)
• jarā – old age, decay, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṝ (class 4)
• jarjara – worn out, decayed, dilapidated, withered
  adjective (masculine)
  Reduplicated form, signifying intensity or repeated action leading to decay.
• mūrdhaja – hair (lit. 'born of the head')
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: adjective describing the ascetic