योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-125, verse-11

वद केन कथं कुत्र कदा किमिव रोध्यते ।
सर्वगस्त्वथ सर्वात्मा यत्र भाति यदा यथा ॥ ११ ॥

vada kena kathaṃ kutra kadā kimiva rodhyate ,
sarvagastvatha sarvātmā yatra bhāti yadā yathā 11

11. vada kena katham kutra kadā kim iva rodhyate
sarvagaḥ tu atha sarvātmā yatra bhāti yadā yathā

11. sarvagaḥ tu atha sarvātmā yatra yadā yathā bhāti
kena katham kutra kadā kim iva rodhyate vada

11. Tell me, by whom, how, where, when, and in what manner can it be hindered, considering that the all-pervading (sarvaga) all-self (sarvātmā) shines forth wherever, whenever, and however it appears?

Words meanings summery:

• वद (vada) - speak, tell, say

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• कुत्र (kutra) - where

• कदा (kadā) - when

• किम् (kim) - what, which, how (as in 'in what way')

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• रोध्यते (rodhyate) - is obstructed, is hindered, is stopped

• सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading, omnipresent

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अथ (atha) - and, now, moreover, then

• सर्वात्मा (sarvātmā) - the self of all, the all-self, the universal self (ātman)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, manifests

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

वद (vada) - speak, tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

imperative 2nd person singular

root vad (1st class, parasmayapada)

Root: vad (class 1)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun

Note: Forms vary by gender. Here, it refers to a person/agent.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb

कुत्र (kutra) - where

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb

कदा (kadā) - when

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb

किम् (kim) - what, which, how (as in 'in what way')

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

interrogative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Here used adverbially with 'iva' to mean 'in what manner' or 'like what'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

रोध्यते (rodhyate) - is obstructed, is hindered, is stopped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of rudh

present passive 3rd person singular

root rudh (7th class, ubhayapada)

Root: rudh (class 7)

सर्वगः (sarvagaḥ) - all-pervading, omnipresent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaga

sarvaga - going everywhere, all-pervading, omnipresent

derived from sarva + ga (from root gam 'to go')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• ga – going, moving, being
  adjective
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sarvātmā.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Used to introduce a contrasting or explanatory statement.

अथ (atha) - and, now, moreover, then

(indeclinable)

auspicious particle, conjunction

सर्वात्मा (sarvātmā) - the self of all, the all-self, the universal self (ātman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvātman

sarvātman - the self of all, the universal spirit (ātman), the all-self

Compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+ātman)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of bhāti.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

relative adverb

भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, manifests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

present active 3rd person singular

root bhā (2nd class, parasmayapada)

Root: bhā (class 2)

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

relative adverb

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

(indeclinable)

relative adverb