योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-18, verse-51

दृष्टान्तेन विना राम नापूर्वार्थोऽवबुध्यते ।
यथा दीपं विना रात्रौ भाण्डोपस्करणं गृहे ॥ ५१ ॥

dṛṣṭāntena vinā rāma nāpūrvārtho'vabudhyate ,
yathā dīpaṃ vinā rātrau bhāṇḍopaskaraṇaṃ gṛhe 51

51. dṛṣṭāntena vinā rāma na apūrvārthaḥ avabudhyate
yathā dīpam vinā rātrau bhāṇḍopaskaraṇam gṛhe

51. rāma dṛṣṭāntena vinā apūrvārthaḥ na avabudhyate
yathā rātrau gṛhe dīpam vinā bhāṇḍopaskaraṇam

51. O Rāma, without an illustration (dṛṣṭānta), a new concept or meaning cannot be understood, just as household items within a home cannot be discerned at night without a lamp.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्टान्तेन (dṛṣṭāntena) - by an illustration (by an example, by an illustration)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• न (na) - cannot (not, no)

• अपूर्वार्थः (apūrvārthaḥ) - a new concept or meaning (a new meaning, an unprecedented object/purpose)

• अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - cannot be understood (is understood, is perceived)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

• दीपम् (dīpam) - a lamp (a lamp, light)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)

• भाण्डोपस्करणम् (bhāṇḍopaskaraṇam) - household items (household equipment, utensils)

• गृहे (gṛhe) - within a home (in the house, at home)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्टान्तेन (dṛṣṭāntena) - by an illustration (by an example, by an illustration)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭānta

dṛṣṭānta - example, illustration, parable, simile

Compound of dṛṣṭa (seen) and anta (end/conclusion/proximity).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭa+anta)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived, experienced
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• anta – end, limit, conclusion, proximity
  noun (masculine)

विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

न (na) - cannot (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to negate the verb.

अपूर्वार्थः (apūrvārthaḥ) - a new concept or meaning (a new meaning, an unprecedented object/purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apūrvārtha

apūrvārtha - unprecedented object/purpose, new meaning/matter

Compound of a (not) + pūrva (preceding, former) + artha (meaning, object).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+pūrvārtha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pūrvārtha – former meaning/object
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pūrva (former) and artha (meaning/object).

अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - cannot be understood (is understood, is perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Root budh (to know) with prefix ava. The form is passive.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The suffix -ya- indicates passive voice for thematic roots.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

दीपम् (dīpam) - a lamp (a lamp, light)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light, lantern

Derived from root dīp (to shine).

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Governed by `vinā`.

विना (vinā) - without (without, except for)

(indeclinable)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

भाण्डोपस्करणम् (bhāṇḍopaskaraṇam) - household items (household equipment, utensils)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāṇḍopaskaraṇa

bhāṇḍopaskaraṇa - household equipment, implements, utensils

Compound of bhāṇḍa (vessel, article) and upaskaraṇa (equipment, preparation).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhāṇḍa+upaskaraṇa)

• bhāṇḍa – pot, vessel, article, goods
  noun (neuter)
• upaskaraṇa – preparation, furnishing, equipment, implements
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative if the implied verb is "to see".

गृहे (gṛhe) - within a home (in the house, at home)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling