योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-18, verse-50

येनेहाननुभूतेऽर्थे दृष्टेनार्थेन बोधनम् ।
बोधोपकारफलदं तं दृष्टान्तं विदुर्बुधाः ॥ ५० ॥

yenehānanubhūte'rthe dṛṣṭenārthena bodhanam ,
bodhopakāraphaladaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭāntaṃ vidurbudhāḥ 50

50. yena iha ananubhūte arthe dṛṣṭena arthena bodhanam
bodhopakāraphaladam tam dṛṣṭāntam viduḥ budhāḥ

50. budhāḥ yena iha ananubhūte arthe dṛṣṭena arthena
bodhanam bodhopakāraphaladam tam dṛṣṭāntam viduḥ

50. The wise ones (budhāḥ) recognize an illustration (dṛṣṭānta) as that by which, in a matter not yet experienced, understanding is brought about through a known or experienced matter, thereby yielding the fruit of beneficial comprehension.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by which (illustration) (by which, by whom)

• इह (iha) - in this context (of understanding) (here, in this world, in this context)

• अननुभूते (ananubhūte) - in a matter not yet experienced (in an unexperienced, in an unperceived)

• अर्थे (arthe) - in a matter (not yet experienced) (in a matter, in an object, in a purpose)

• दृष्टेन (dṛṣṭena) - by a known or experienced matter (by the seen, by the experienced)

• अर्थेन (arthena) - by a matter (known or experienced) (by a matter, by an object, by a purpose)

• बोधनम् (bodhanam) - understanding (being brought about) (teaching, making known, enlightening, understanding)

• बोधोपकारफलदम् (bodhopakāraphaladam) - yielding the fruit of beneficial comprehension (giving the fruit of help in understanding, beneficial for knowledge)

• तम् (tam) - that (illustration) (that)

• दृष्टान्तम् (dṛṣṭāntam) - an illustration (example, illustration, parable)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they recognize (they know, they understand)

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones (the wise ones, the learned)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which (illustration) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

इह (iha) - in this context (of understanding) (here, in this world, in this context)

(indeclinable)

अननुभूते (ananubhūte) - in a matter not yet experienced (in an unexperienced, in an unperceived)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ananubhūta

ananubhūta - unexperienced, unperceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root anubhū (anu + bhū) meaning 'to experience', with negative prefix 'a-' and past passive participle suffix '-ta'.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+anubhūta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• anubhūta – experienced, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of anubhū (अनुभू).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्थे (arthe) - in a matter (not yet experienced) (in a matter, in an object, in a purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth

Note: In this context, it functions adjectivally with `ananubhūte` to refer to 'an unexperienced matter'.

दृष्टेन (dṛṣṭena) - by a known or experienced matter (by the seen, by the experienced)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, experienced

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अर्थेन (arthena) - by a matter (known or experienced) (by a matter, by an object, by a purpose)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth

बोधनम् (bodhanam) - understanding (being brought about) (teaching, making known, enlightening, understanding)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bodhana

bodhana - causing to know, teaching, awakening, understanding

Derived from root budh (to know) with the suffix -ana.

Root: budh (class 1)

बोधोपकारफलदम् (bodhopakāraphaladam) - yielding the fruit of beneficial comprehension (giving the fruit of help in understanding, beneficial for knowledge)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bodhopakāraphalada

bodhopakāraphalada - giving the fruit of help in understanding

Compound of bodha (knowledge/understanding), upakāra (help/benefit), and phalada (fruit-giving).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bodha+upakāra+phalada)

• bodha – knowledge, understanding, perception
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root budh (to know).
  Root: budh (class 1)
• upakāra – help, benefit, service
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• phalada – fruit-giving, productive, yielding results
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of phala (fruit) and da (giving, from root dā).

Note: It qualifies `dṛṣṭāntam`.

तम् (tam) - that (illustration) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

दृष्टान्तम् (dṛṣṭāntam) - an illustration (example, illustration, parable)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭānta

dṛṣṭānta - example, illustration, parable, simile

Compound of dṛṣṭa (seen) and anta (end/conclusion/proximity). The meaning is 'that which is seen as the limit or conclusion of an argument' or 'an example drawn from observation'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭa+anta)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived, experienced
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• anta – end, limit, conclusion, proximity
  noun (masculine)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they recognize (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones (the wise ones, the learned)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, learned, intelligent person

Derived from root budh (to know, to awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)