योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-18, verse-34

बुध्यते स्वयमेवेदं किंचित्पदपदार्थवित् ।
स्वयं यस्तु न वेत्तीदं श्रोतव्यं तेन पण्डितात् ॥ ३४ ॥

budhyate svayamevedaṃ kiṃcitpadapadārthavit ,
svayaṃ yastu na vettīdaṃ śrotavyaṃ tena paṇḍitāt 34

34. budhyate svayam eva idam kiñcit pada-padārtha-vit
yaḥ tu svayam na vetti idam tena paṇḍitāt śrotavyam

34. kiñcit pada-padārtha-vit (janaḥ) idam svayam eva budhyate.
yaḥ tu svayam idam na vetti,
tena paṇḍitāt śrotavyam.

34. This (treatise) is indeed easily understood by anyone who possesses some knowledge of words and their meanings. However, if someone does not comprehend it on their own, it should be heard by them from a learned scholar.

Words meanings summery:

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands, is understood, awakens

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, personally, naturally

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

• इदम् (idam) - this

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - somewhat, a little, something

• पद-पदार्थ-वित् (pada-padārtha-vit) - one who knows words and their meanings

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, personally

• न (na) - not, no

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• इदम् (idam) - this

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - ought to be heard, should be listened to

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• पण्डितात् (paṇḍitāt) - from a scholar, from a learned person

Words meanings and morphology

बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands, is understood, awakens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Middle Voice

Root budh, 4th class, Ātmanepada, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Can be interpreted as active (understands) or passive (is understood). Given the context of 'by one who knows', active seems more natural here.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, personally, naturally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sva- 'self'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to the śāstra.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - somewhat, a little, something

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) + cit (indefinite particle).

Note: Modifies the extent of knowledge.

पद-पदार्थ-वित् (pada-padārtha-vit) - one who knows words and their meanings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pada-padārtha-vit

pada-padārtha-vit - one who knows words and their meanings

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'pada-padārtha' (words and their meanings) + 'vit' (knower). 'vit' is from root vid- 'to know'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pada-padārtha+vit)

• pada-padārtha – words and their meanings, word-meaning
  noun (masculine)
  Dvanda compound: 'pada' (word) and 'padārtha' (meaning of a word, category).
• vit – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Nominal derivative from root vid- 'to know'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'budhyate'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously, personally

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sva- 'self'.

Note: Emphasizes personal understanding.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active Voice

Root vid, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Object of 'vetti'.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - ought to be heard, should be listened to

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, audible, should be heard

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root śru- 'to hear' + -tavya suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the passive 'śrotavyam'.

पण्डितात् (paṇḍitāt) - from a scholar, from a learned person

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - a scholar, learned person, wise man

Note: Source from which hearing should occur.