वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-32, verse-8

रावणो ऽर्धसमाप्तं तु उत्सृज्य नियमं तदा ।
नर्मदां पश्यते कान्तां प्रतिकूलां यथा प्रियाम् ॥८॥

8. rāvaṇo'rdhasamāptaṃ tu utsṛjya niyamaṃ tadā ,
narmadāṃ paśyate kāntāṃ pratikūlāṃ yathā priyām.

8. rāvaṇaḥ ardhasamāptam tu utsṛjya niyamam tadā |
narmadām paśyate kāntām pratikūlām yathā priyām

8. rāvaṇaḥ tadā ardhasamāptam niyamam utsṛjya
kāntām pratikūlām priyām yathā narmadām paśyate

8. Rāvaṇa then, abandoning his half-completed vow (niyama), saw the beautiful Narmadā river, which appeared adverse, much like a displeased beloved woman.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• अर्धसमाप्तम् (ardhasamāptam) - half-finished, half-completed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having left

• नियमम् (niyamam) - vow, ascetic practice, regulation, self-restraint

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - the Narmadā river

• पश्यते (paśyate) - sees, beholds, observes

• कान्ताम् (kāntām) - beautiful, lovely, charming, beloved

• प्रतिकूलाम् (pratikūlām) - adverse, contrary, hostile, unfavorable

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which way

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - beloved woman, wife

Words meanings and morphology

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

From the root 'ru' (to cry, roar) with 'ṇi' affix.

Root: ru (class 2)

अर्धसमाप्तम् (ardhasamāptam) - half-finished, half-completed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ardhasamāpta

ardhasamāpta - half-finished, half-completed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+samāpta)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• samāpta – finished, completed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'sam-' + root 'āp' (to obtain) + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'niyamam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having left

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From 'ut-' + root 'sṛj' (to release, create) + 'lyap' suffix.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

नियमम् (niyamam) - vow, ascetic practice, regulation, self-restraint

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - vow, ascetic practice, regulation, self-restraint

From 'ni-' + root 'yam' (to restrain) + 'ghañ' suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Taddhita affix 'dā' to pronominal stem 'tad'.

नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - the Narmadā river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of narmadā

narmadā - the Narmadā river (a sacred river in central India); giver of joy

From 'narma' (joy) + root 'dā' (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

पश्यते (paśyate) - sees, beholds, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense

Root 'dṛś' becomes 'paśya' in present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कान्ताम् (kāntām) - beautiful, lovely, charming, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāntā

kānta - desired, lovely, beautiful, beloved; a beloved person

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kam' (to desire) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'narmadām'.

प्रतिकूलाम् (pratikūlām) - adverse, contrary, hostile, unfavorable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratikūlā

pratikūla - adverse, contrary, hostile, unfavorable

From 'prati' (against) + 'kūla' (bank, shore).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards
  indeclinable
• kūla – bank, shore
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'narmadām'.

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which way

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'ya'.

प्रियाम् (priyām) - beloved woman, wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priya - dear, beloved, agreeable; a beloved person

Root: prī (class 4)