वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-32, verse-61

स त्वर्जुनप्रमुक्तेन गदापातेन रावणः ।
अपासर्पद्धनुर्मात्रं निषसाद च निष्टनन् ॥६१॥

61. sa tvarjunapramuktena gadāpātena rāvaṇaḥ ,
apāsarpaddhanurmātraṃ niṣasāda ca niṣṭanan.

61. saḥ tu arjunapramuktena gadāpātena rāvaṇaḥ
apāsarpat dhanurmātram niṣasāda ca niṣṭanan

61. tu saḥ rāvaṇaḥ arjunapramuktena gadāpātena
dhanurmātram apāsarpat ca niṣṭanan niṣasāda

61. But Rāvaṇa, struck by the impact of the mace released by Arjuna, recoiled a bow's length and sank down, groaning.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• अर्जुनप्रमुक्तेन (arjunapramuktena) - released by Arjuna (released by Arjuna, thrown by Arjuna)

• गदापातेन (gadāpātena) - by the impact of the mace (by the fall of the mace, by the impact of the mace)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (the demon king))

• अपासर्पत् (apāsarpat) - recoiled (receded, moved back, slipped away)

• धनुर्मात्रम् (dhanurmātram) - a bow's length (distance) (merely a bow, only a bow's length, the measure of a bow)

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sank down (sat down, settled down, sank)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning (groaning, roaring, making a sound)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनप्रमुक्तेन (arjunapramuktena) - released by Arjuna (released by Arjuna, thrown by Arjuna)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjunapramukta

arjunapramukta - released/thrown by Arjuna

Past Passive Participle

From 'Arjuna' (agent) and 'pramukta' (PPP of 'pra-muc').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arjuna+pramukta)

• arjuna – Arjuna (Kārtavīrya Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukta – released, discharged, thrown
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from 'pra' (prefix) + root 'muc' (to release, to let go).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'gadāpātena'.

गदापातेन (gadāpātena) - by the impact of the mace (by the fall of the mace, by the impact of the mace)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gadāpāta

gadāpāta - fall of a mace, impact of a mace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+pāta)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• pāta – fall, descent, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pat' (to fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Instrument for the actions.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (the demon king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name of the demon king)

Note: Subject of the verbs 'apāsarpat' and 'niṣasāda'.

अपासर्पत् (apāsarpat) - recoiled (receded, moved back, slipped away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sṛp

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra)

Root 'sṛp', 1st conjugation, parasmaipada, with prefix 'apa'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect.

Prefix: apa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Verb for Rāvaṇa.

धनुर्मात्रम् (dhanurmātram) - a bow's length (distance) (merely a bow, only a bow's length, the measure of a bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanurmātra

dhanurmātra - the measure of a bow, only a bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+mātra)

• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – measure, quantity, mere, only
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  Root: mī

Note: Adverbial accusative of measure.

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - sank down (sat down, settled down, sank)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect (Lit-lakāra)

Root 'sad', 1st conjugation (sīdate), but here perfect 'niṣasāda' (from 'ni-sad').

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Verb for Rāvaṇa.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'apāsarpat' and 'niṣasāda'.

निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning (groaning, roaring, making a sound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - groaning, roaring

Present Active Participle

From 'ni' (prefix) + root 'stan' (to thunder, to groan), 1st conjugation, parasmaipada.

Prefix: ni

Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Describes Rāvaṇa while he sat down.

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