वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-32, verse-13

अर्धयोजनमात्रं तु गत्वा तौ तु निशाचरौ ।
पश्येतां पुरुषं तोये क्रीडन्तं सहयोषितम् ॥१३॥

13. ardhayojanamātraṃ tu gatvā tau tu niśācarau ,
paśyetāṃ puruṣaṃ toye krīḍantaṃ sahayoṣitam.

13. ardhayojanamātram tu gatvā tau tu niśācarau
paśyetām puruṣam toye krīḍantam sahayositam

13. tau tu niśācarau ardhayojanamātram gatvā tu
toye sahayositam krīḍantam puruṣam paśyetām

13. Having gone only half a yojana, those two night-wanderers indeed saw a man playing in the water with women.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्धयोजनमात्रम् (ardhayojanamātram) - only half a yojana

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• तौ (tau) - those two

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• निशाचरौ (niśācarau) - night-wanderers, demons

• पश्येताम् (paśyetām) - they saw (in narrative context) (they should see, they might see)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

• तोये (toye) - in the water

• क्रीडन्तम् (krīḍantam) - playing

• सहयोसितम् (sahayositam) - with women

Words meanings and morphology

अर्धयोजनमात्रम् (ardhayojanamātram) - only half a yojana

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardhayojanamātra

ardhayojanamātra - measuring half a yojana

compound of ardha, yojana, and mātra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+yojana+mātra)

• ardha – half
  adjective
• yojana – a measure of distance (approx. 8-15 km)
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – measure, only, merely
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

निशाचरौ (niśācarau) - night-wanderers, demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

compound of niśā and cara

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going
  adjective (masculine)
  from √car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

पश्येताम् (paśyetām) - they saw (in narrative context) (they should see, they might see)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

optative 3rd dual

from √dṛś (to see), with thematic stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Optative mood is sometimes used for past narrative in older Sanskrit.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man, person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

तोये (toye) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

क्रीडन्तम् (krīḍantam) - playing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krīḍat

krīḍat - playing

Present Active Participle

from √krīḍ (to play)

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣam'.

सहयोसितम् (sahayositam) - with women

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahayoṣita

sahayoṣita - accompanied by women

bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+yoṣita)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• yoṣita – woman, female
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣam'.

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