वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-32, verse-5

कार्तवीर्यभुजासेतुं तज्जलं प्राप्य निर्मलम् ।
कूलापहारं कुर्वाणं प्रतिस्रोतः प्रधावति ॥५॥

5. kārtavīryabhujāsetuṃ tajjalaṃ prāpya nirmalam ,
kūlāpahāraṃ kurvāṇaṃ pratisrotaḥ pradhāvati.

5. kārtavīryabhujāsetum tat jalam prāpya nirmalam
kūla apahāram kurvāṇam pratisrotaḥ pradhāvati

5. (vegaḥ) kārtavīryabhujāsetum tat nirmalam jalam
prāpya kūla apahāram kurvāṇam pratisrotaḥ pradhāvati

5. Having reached that clear water, which had been dammed by Kārtavīrya's arms, the river's current then flowed upstream, causing the erosion of its banks.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्तवीर्यभुजासेतुम् (kārtavīryabhujāsetum) - acting as a dam due to Kartavirya's arms (dammed by Kartavirya's arms, bridge of Kartavirya's arms)

• तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

• जलम् (jalam) - the water (of the Narmada) (water)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (the water) (having reached, having obtained, having attained)

• निर्मलम् (nirmalam) - clear, undisturbed (water) (pure, clear, spotless)

• कूल (kūla) - (river) bank (bank (of a river), shore)

• अपहारम् (apahāram) - erosion (removal, theft, erosion)

• कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - causing (erosion) (doing, making, causing)

• प्रतिस्रोतः (pratisrotaḥ) - upstream (against the stream/current, upstream)

• प्रधावति (pradhāvati) - (the current) flows upstream (it runs forth, it flows, it rushes)

Words meanings and morphology

कार्तवीर्यभुजासेतुम् (kārtavīryabhujāsetum) - acting as a dam due to Kartavirya's arms (dammed by Kartavirya's arms, bridge of Kartavirya's arms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kārtavīryabhujāsetu

kārtavīryabhujāsetu - dam (setu) made of the arms (bhuja) of Kārtavīrya

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārtavīrya+bhuja+setu)

• kārtavīrya – son of Kṛtavīrya; a proper name (Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
  a-stem noun.
• bhuja – arm, hand
  noun (masculine)
  a-stem noun.
• setu – bridge, dam, dike, bank, causeway
  noun (masculine)
  u-stem noun.

तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the water mentioned in previous context, part of a sandhi compound 'tajjalam'.

जलम् (jalam) - the water (of the Narmada) (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water, fluid

a-stem noun.

Note: Object of `prāpya`.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (the water) (having reached, having obtained, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From pra- + √āp + ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Gerund governing `jalam`.

निर्मलम् (nirmalam) - clear, undisturbed (water) (pure, clear, spotless)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirmala

nirmala - pure, clear, spotless, clean

From nir- + mala.

कूल (kūla) - (river) bank (bank (of a river), shore)

(noun)

neuter, singular of kūla

kūla - bank (of a river), shore, mound

a-stem noun.

अपहारम् (apahāram) - erosion (removal, theft, erosion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apahāra

apahāra - removal, carrying off, theft, erosion

From apa- + √hṛ + ghañ.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - causing (erosion) (doing, making, causing)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kurvāṇa

kurvāṇa - doing, making, performing

Present Middle Participle

From √kṛ + śānac.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रतिस्रोतः (pratisrotaḥ) - upstream (against the stream/current, upstream)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from prati- and srotas.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+srotas)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix.
• srotas – stream, current, flow
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem noun.
  Root: sru (class 1)

प्रधावति (pradhāvati) - (the current) flows upstream (it runs forth, it flows, it rushes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of pradhāv

Present tense

Third person singular, Parasmaipada, present tense. From pra- + √dhāv.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhāv (class 1)

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