वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-32, verse-28

युद्धस्य कालो विज्ञातः साधु भोः साधु रावण ।
यः क्षीबं स्त्रीवृतं चैव योद्धुमिच्छसि नो नृपम् ।
वाशितामध्यगं मत्तं शार्दूल इव कुञ्जरम् ॥२८॥

28. yuddhasya kālo vijñātaḥ sādhu bhoḥ sādhu rāvaṇa ,
yaḥ kṣībaṃ strīvṛtaṃ caiva yoddhumicchasi no nṛpam ,
vāśitāmadhyagaṃ mattaṃ śārdūla iva kuñjaram.

28. yuddhasya kālaḥ vijñātaḥ sādhu bhoḥ
sādhu rāvaṇa yaḥ kṣībaṃ strīvṛtaṃ ca
eva yoddhum icchasi naḥ nṛpam
vāśitāmadhyagam mattaṃ śārdūlaḥ iva kuñjaram

28. bhoḥ rāvaṇa yuddhasya kālaḥ vijñātaḥ
sādhu sādhu yaḥ kṣībaṃ strīvṛtaṃ
naḥ nṛpam yoddhum icchasi śārdūlaḥ
iva vāśitāmadhyagam mattaṃ kuñjaram

28. The time for battle is truly known. Bravo, Rāvaṇa, bravo! You wish to fight our king, who is intoxicated and surrounded by women, just like a tiger desires to attack an intoxicated elephant amidst its herd of females.

Words meanings summery:

• युद्धस्य (yuddhasya) - of this upcoming battle (of battle, of war)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - the appropriate time (time, season, moment)

• विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - well understood, clearly known (known, understood, recognized)

• साधु (sādhu) - well done, bravo (good, excellent, well done, bravo)

• भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (addressing Rāvaṇa) (O!, Oh! (vocative particle))

• साधु (sādhu) - well done, bravo (good, excellent, well done, bravo)

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - Rāvaṇa, being addressed (Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka))

• यः (yaḥ) - because you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (who, which, he who)

• क्षीबं (kṣībaṁ) - intoxicated (from alcohol or passion) (intoxicated, drunk, arrogant)

• स्त्रीवृतं (strīvṛtaṁ) - surrounded by his wives/concubines (surrounded by women)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the certainty (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to engage in battle with (to fight, in order to fight)

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you currently desire (you desire, you wish)

• नः (naḥ) - our (king) (our, us)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - our king (referring to Kārtavīrya Arjuna) (king, ruler)

• वाशितामध्यगम् (vāśitāmadhyagam) - amidst his female elephants (being amidst female elephants)

• मत्तं (mattaṁ) - intoxicated, in rut (like an elephant) (intoxicated, frenzied, rutting)

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - tiger (tiger, lion)

• इव (iva) - like, in comparison to (like, as, as if)

• कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant (specifically, a large male elephant) (elephant)

Words meanings and morphology

युद्धस्य (yuddhasya) - of this upcoming battle (of battle, of war)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

कालः (kālaḥ) - the appropriate time (time, season, moment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny, death

विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - well understood, clearly known (known, understood, recognized)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñāta

vijñāta - known, understood, recognized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `jñā` (to know) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `kālaḥ`.

साधु (sādhu) - well done, bravo (good, excellent, well done, bravo)

(indeclinable)

भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (addressing Rāvaṇa) (O!, Oh! (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

Alternative form of `bhos` (before soft consonants or pause).

साधु (sādhu) - well done, bravo (good, excellent, well done, bravo)

(indeclinable)

रावण (rāvaṇa) - Rāvaṇa, being addressed (Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Lanka))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun, name of the demon king of Lanka)

यः (yaḥ) - because you (referring to Rāvaṇa) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa, introducing a subordinate clause explaining the 'bravo'.

क्षीबं (kṣībaṁ) - intoxicated (from alcohol or passion) (intoxicated, drunk, arrogant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣība

kṣība - intoxicated, drunk, wanton, arrogant

स्त्रीवृतं (strīvṛtaṁ) - surrounded by his wives/concubines (surrounded by women)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of strīvṛta

strīvṛta - surrounded by women

Compound. `strī` (woman) + `vṛta` (surrounded).

Compound type : tatpurusha (strī+vṛta)

• strī – woman, wife, female
  noun (feminine)
• vṛta – covered, surrounded, chosen, appointed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vṛ` (to cover, surround, choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the certainty (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to engage in battle with (to fight, in order to fight)

(verb)

infinitive of yudh

infinitive

Infinitive form of root `yudh`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you currently desire (you desire, you wish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present active

Present tense, second person singular, active voice.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: The subject is `yaḥ` (you, Rāvaṇa).

नः (naḥ) - our (king) (our, us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive plural of `asmad`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - our king (referring to Kārtavīrya Arjuna) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, monarch

Compound of `nṛ` (man) and `pa` (protector).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

वाशितामध्यगम् (vāśitāmadhyagam) - amidst his female elephants (being amidst female elephants)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāśitāmadhyaga

vāśitāmadhyaga - being in the middle of female elephants

Compound: `vāśitā` (female elephant) + `madhya` (middle) + `ga` (going/being).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāśitā+madhya+ga)

• vāśitā – female elephant, cow, any female animal
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center, intervening
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root `gam` (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

मत्तं (mattaṁ) - intoxicated, in rut (like an elephant) (intoxicated, frenzied, rutting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, wild, lustful, proud, in rut (of an elephant)

Past Passive Participle

From root `mad` (to be intoxicated).

Root: mad (class 4)

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - tiger (tiger, lion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, leopard, any striped beast of prey; an excellent person (in compounds)

इव (iva) - like, in comparison to (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant (specifically, a large male elephant) (elephant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant, especially a large male elephant

Literally 'one who roams in groves' (`kuñja` + `ra`).