मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-2, verse-61
द्विजाः किं वातियत्नेन मार्यन्ते कर्मभिः स्वकैः ।
रक्ष्यन्ते चाखिला जीवा यथैते पक्षिबालकाः ॥६१॥
रक्ष्यन्ते चाखिला जीवा यथैते पक्षिबालकाः ॥६१॥
61. dvijāḥ kiṃ vātiyatnena māryante karmabhiḥ svakaiḥ .
rakṣyante cākhilā jīvā yathaite pakṣibālakāḥ.
rakṣyante cākhilā jīvā yathaite pakṣibālakāḥ.
61.
dvijāḥ kim vā atiyatnena māryante karmabhiḥ svakaiḥ
rakṣyante ca akhilāḥ jīvāḥ yathā ete pakṣibālakāḥ
rakṣyante ca akhilāḥ jīvāḥ yathā ete pakṣibālakāḥ
61.
Why should the birds (dvija) be killed either through excessive effort or by their own actions (karma)? All living beings are protected, just like these young birds.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (twice-born ones, brahmins, birds, teeth)
- किम् (kim) - why (interrogative) (what, why)
- वा (vā) - or, either
- अतियत्नेन (atiyatnena) - by excessive effort
- मार्यन्ते (māryante) - they are killed
- कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their own (past) actions (karma) (by actions, by (past) deeds)
- स्वकैः (svakaiḥ) - by one's own, by their own
- रक्ष्यन्ते (rakṣyante) - they are protected
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all, whole, entire
- जीवाः (jīvāḥ) - living beings, creatures
- यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like
- एते (ete) - these (young birds) (these)
- पक्षिबालकाः (pakṣibālakāḥ) - young birds, bird chicks
Words meanings and morphology
द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (twice-born ones, brahmins, birds, teeth)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija
dvija - twice-born (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya), bird, tooth
Derived from dvi (two) + ja (born).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective
Derived from root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to birds as they are born from eggs (second birth after hatching).
किम् (kim) - why (interrogative) (what, why)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here as an interrogative particle, meaning 'why'.
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
अतियत्नेन (atiyatnena) - by excessive effort
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of atiyatna
atiyatna - excessive effort
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+yatna)
- ati – over, excessively
indeclinable
Used as a prefix/upasarga. - yatna – effort, exertion
noun (masculine)
Derived from root yat (to strive).
Root: yat (class 1)
मार्यन्ते (māryante) - they are killed
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of mṛ
Causative Passive
From causative stem māray- of root mṛ (to die), used in passive voice.
Root: mṛ (class 1)
कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their own (past) actions (karma) (by actions, by (past) deeds)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)
Derived from root kṛ (to do).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to the principle of action and its consequences (karma).
स्वकैः (svakaiḥ) - by one's own, by their own
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of svaka
svaka - one's own, belonging to oneself
Note: Agrees with karmabhiḥ.
रक्ष्यन्ते (rakṣyante) - they are protected
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of rakṣ
Passive
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अखिलाः (akhilāḥ) - all, whole, entire
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of akhila
akhila - all, whole, entire, complete
Derived from a (not) + khila (gap, deficiency).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+khila)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - khila – deficient, wanting, empty
adjective
Note: Agrees with jīvāḥ.
जीवाः (jīvāḥ) - living beings, creatures
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jīva
jīva - living being, creature, life
Derived from root jīv (to live).
Root: jīv (class 1)
यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like
(indeclinable)
एते (ete) - these (young birds) (these)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
पक्षिबालकाः (pakṣibālakāḥ) - young birds, bird chicks
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣibālaka
pakṣibālaka - young bird, bird chick
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pakṣin+bālaka)
- pakṣin – bird, winged creature
noun (masculine) - bālaka – child, young one
noun (masculine)