महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-8

तेषु राजन्निवृत्तेषु व्यूढानीकेषु भागशः ।
प्रावर्तत महारौद्रः संग्रामः शोणितोदकः ।
समार्छच्चित्रसेनेन नकुलो युद्धदुर्मदः ॥८॥

8. teṣu rājannivṛtteṣu vyūḍhānīkeṣu bhāgaśaḥ ,
prāvartata mahāraudraḥ saṁgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ ,
samārchaccitrasenena nakulo yuddhadurmadaḥ.

8. teṣu rājan nivṛtteṣu vyūḍhānīkeṣu
bhāgaśaḥ prāvartata mahāraudraḥ
saṃgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ samārchat
citrasenena nakulaḥ yuddhadurmadaḥ

8. rājan teṣu nivṛtteṣu vyūḍhānīkeṣu
bhāgaśaḥ mahāraudraḥ śoṇitodakaḥ
saṃgrāmaḥ prāvartata nakulaḥ
yuddhadurmadaḥ citrasenena samārchat

8. O King, as those (Kurus) retreated, with their armies arrayed in divisions, a greatly terrifying battle commenced, its waters flowing with blood. Nakula, fiercely proud in combat, then encountered Citrasena.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - when the Kurus (in them, among them, when they)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

• निवृत्तेषु (nivṛtteṣu) - having turned back, having retreated

• व्यूढानीकेषु (vyūḍhānīkeṣu) - whose armies were arrayed, with arrayed divisions

• भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, by divisions, partially

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, commenced, proceeded

• महारौद्रः (mahāraudraḥ) - exceedingly dreadful, very terrible

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, conflict, war

• शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - having blood as water, blood-watered

• समार्छत् (samārchat) - he encountered, he met, he attacked

• चित्रसेनेन (citrasenena) - by Citrasena

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

• युद्धदुर्मदः (yuddhadurmadaḥ) - intoxicated by battle, fiercely proud in battle

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - when the Kurus (in them, among them, when they)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that; those

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

निवृत्तेषु (nivṛtteṣu) - having turned back, having retreated

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back; retreated; ceased

Past Passive Participle

formed from verbal root vṛt 'to turn, be' with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

व्यूढानीकेषु (vyūḍhānīkeṣu) - whose armies were arrayed, with arrayed divisions

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - having armies arrayed in battle order

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arrayed, arranged; firm
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from verbal root ūh 'to push, move' with prefix vi (or vi-vah 'to bear' -> vyūḍha 'spread, arrayed')
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• anīka – army; array; division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, modifying `teṣu`.

भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, by divisions, partially

(indeclinable)

formed with suffix -śaḥ meaning 'by way of, in parts'

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began, commenced, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāvart

imperfect

third person singular imperfect middle (ātmanepada)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महारौद्रः (mahāraudraḥ) - exceedingly dreadful, very terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāraudra

mahāraudra - greatly fierce; very terrible; exceedingly dreadful

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+raudra)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• raudra – dreadful, fierce, terrible
  adjective (masculine)
  from Rudra
  Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `saṃgrāmaḥ`.

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, conflict, war

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle; conflict; encounter

from `sam-grāh` 'to seize together', or `sam-grām` 'to come together'

Prefix: sam

Root: grām (class 1)

Note: Subject of `prāvartata`.

शोणितोदकः (śoṇitodakaḥ) - having blood as water, blood-watered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoṇitodaka

śoṇitodaka - having blood as water, filled with blood like water

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śoṇita+udaka)

• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from śoṇ 'to redden'
  Root: śoṇ (class 1)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: und (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `saṃgrāmaḥ`.

समार्छत् (samārchat) - he encountered, he met, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāṛcch

imperfect

third person singular imperfect parasmaipada

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ṛcch (class 1)

चित्रसेनेन (citrasenena) - by Citrasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Citrasena (name of a warrior)

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of `samārchat`.

युद्धदुर्मदः (yuddhadurmadaḥ) - intoxicated by battle, fiercely proud in battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - fiercely proud in battle; intoxicated by war

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – fiercely proud, intoxicated, arrogant
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `nakulaḥ`.