महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-19

सकुण्डलं समुकुटं सुनसं स्वायतेक्षणम् ।
चित्रसेनशिरः कायादपाहरत पाण्डवः ।
स पपात रथोपस्थाद्दिवाकरसमप्रभः ॥१९॥

19. sakuṇḍalaṁ samukuṭaṁ sunasaṁ svāyatekṣaṇam ,
citrasenaśiraḥ kāyādapāharata pāṇḍavaḥ ,
sa papāta rathopasthāddivākarasamaprabhaḥ.

19. sakuṇḍalam samukuṭam sunasam
svāyatekṣaṇam citrasenaśiraḥ kāyāt
apāharata pāṇḍavaḥ saḥ papāta
rathopasthāt divākarasamaprabhaḥ

19. pāṇḍavaḥ sakuṇḍalam samukuṭam
sunasam svāyatekṣaṇam citrasenaśiraḥ
kāyāt apāharata saḥ
divākarasamaprabhaḥ rathopasthāt papāta

19. The son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna) severed Citrasena's head from his body; it was adorned with earrings, a crown, a beautiful nose, and wide, beautiful eyes. That head, shining like the sun, fell from the chariot platform.

Words meanings summery:

• सकुण्डलम् (sakuṇḍalam) - with earrings, adorned with earrings

• समुकुटम् (samukuṭam) - with a crown, crowned

• सुनसम् (sunasam) - with a beautiful nose

• स्वायतेक्षणम् (svāyatekṣaṇam) - with wide, beautiful eyes

• चित्रसेनशिरः (citrasenaśiraḥ) - Citrasena's head

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• अपाहरत (apāharata) - he took away, he severed

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• सः (saḥ) - Citrasena's body/person (he, that (one))

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot platform/seat

• दिवाकरसमप्रभः (divākarasamaprabhaḥ) - shining like the sun

Words meanings and morphology

सकुण्डलम् (sakuṇḍalam) - with earrings, adorned with earrings

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakuṇḍala

sakuṇḍala - adorned with earrings, having earrings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kuṇḍala)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• kuṇḍala – earring, ear-ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'citrasenaśiraḥ'.

समुकुटम् (samukuṭam) - with a crown, crowned

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samukuṭa

samukuṭa - having a crown, crowned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+mukuṭa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mukuṭa – crown, diadem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'citrasenaśiraḥ'.

सुनसम् (sunasam) - with a beautiful nose

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sunasa

sunasa - having a beautiful nose

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+nasa)

• su – good, beautiful, well
  indeclinable
• nasa – nose
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'citrasenaśiraḥ'.

स्वायतेक्षणम् (svāyatekṣaṇam) - with wide, beautiful eyes

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svāyatekṣaṇa

svāyatekṣaṇa - having wide and beautiful eyes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+āyata+īkṣaṇa)

• su – good, beautiful, well
  indeclinable
• āyata – extended, wide, long
  adjective
  past passive participle
  derived from root 'yam' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'citrasenaśiraḥ'.

चित्रसेनशिरः (citrasenaśiraḥ) - Citrasena's head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citrasenaśiras

citrasenaśiras - head of Citrasena

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citrasena+śiras)

• citrasena – name of a Gandharva chief or a warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of 'apāharata'.

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, mass

अपाहरत (apāharata) - he took away, he severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of apahṛ

imperfect tense (laṅ)

third person singular imperfect middle, with prefix 'apa'

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the action of Arjuna.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of 'apāharata'.

सः (saḥ) - Citrasena's body/person (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'papāta'.

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

perfect tense (lit)

third person singular perfect active

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.

रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot platform/seat

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot platform, seat of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, proximity
  noun (masculine)

दिवाकरसमप्रभः (divākarasamaprabhaḥ) - shining like the sun

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākarasamaprabha

divākarasamaprabha - having luster like the sun, shining like the sun

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (divākara+sama+prabha)

• divākara – sun (day-maker)
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, like, similar
  adjective
• prabha – light, splendor, luster
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.