महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-17

पद्भ्यामापततस्तस्य शरवृष्टिमवासृजत् ।
नकुलोऽप्यग्रसत्तां वै चर्मणा लघुविक्रमः ॥१७॥

17. padbhyāmāpatatastasya śaravṛṣṭimavāsṛjat ,
nakulo'pyagrasattāṁ vai carmaṇā laghuvikramaḥ.

17. padbhyām āpatataḥ tasya śaravṛṣṭim avāsṛjat
nakulaḥ api agrasattām vai carmaṇā laghuvikramaḥ

17. (śatruḥ) पद्भ्याम् āpatataḥ tasya śaravṛṣṭim avāsṛjat api
laghuvikramaḥ nakulaḥ vai carmaṇā agrasattām (arākṣat)

17. The opponent released a shower of arrows at Nakula, who was advancing on foot. But Nakula, swift in action, indeed maintained his pre-eminence even with his shield.

Words meanings summery:

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - with feet, on foot

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of Nakula, who was advancing on foot (of him approaching, of him falling)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Nakula (of him, his)

• शरवृष्टिम् (śaravṛṣṭim) - a shower of arrows

• अवासृजत् (avāsṛjat) - the opponent released (arrows) (he released, he discharged, he cast)

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अग्रसत्ताम् (agrasattām) - pre-eminence, superiority, foremost position

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• चर्मणा (carmaṇā) - with the shield, by means of the shield

• लघुविक्रमः (laghuvikramaḥ) - swift in valor, quick in action

Words meanings and morphology

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - with feet, on foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, leg, step, pace

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'on foot'.

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of Nakula, who was advancing on foot (of him approaching, of him falling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ā-pat

pat - to fall, to fly, to move quickly, to come near

Present Active Participle

Root pat with prefix ā, present active participle, genitive singular masculine. 'ā-pat' means 'to rush, approach'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of Nakula (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शरवृष्टिम् (śaravṛṣṭim) - a shower of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śaravṛṣṭi

śaravṛṣṭi - shower of arrows, rain of darts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vṛṣṭi)

• śara – arrow, dart, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower, outpouring
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

अवासृजत् (avāsṛjat) - the opponent released (arrows) (he released, he discharged, he cast)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ava-sṛj

Imperfect

Root sṛj with prefix ava, imperfect 3rd singular active. The 'a-' prefix is the augment for past tense.

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pandava brothers), mongoose

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अग्रसत्ताम् (agrasattām) - pre-eminence, superiority, foremost position

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of agrasattā

agrasattā - pre-eminence, supremacy, foremost state

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agra+sattā)

• agra – front, top, foremost, chief
  noun (neuter)
• sattā – existence, being, power, supremacy
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from the root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Implied verb 'maintained' or 'kept'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

चर्मणा (carmaṇā) - with the shield, by means of the shield

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of carman

carman - skin, hide, leather, shield

Root: cṛ (class 6)

लघुविक्रमः (laghuvikramaḥ) - swift in valor, quick in action

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghuvikrama

laghuvikrama - swift in valor, quick in action, light-stepping

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+vikrama)

• laghu – light, swift, quick, easy, agile
  adjective
• vikrama – valor, courage, might, powerful stride, heroic power
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-kram (to step forth, advance, be powerful).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nakulaḥ'.