महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-48

स हतः प्रापतद्राजन्नकुलेन महात्मना ।
नदीवेगादिवारुग्णस्तीरजः पादपो महान् ॥४८॥

48. sa hataḥ prāpatadrājannakulena mahātmanā ,
nadīvegādivārugṇastīrajaḥ pādapo mahān.

48. saḥ hataḥ prāpatat rājan nakulena mahātmanā
nadīvegāt iva ārugṇaḥ tīrajaḥ pādapaḥ mahān

48. rājan saḥ mahātmanā nakulena hataḥ nadīvegāt
ārugṇaḥ tīrajaḥ mahān pādapaḥ iva prāpatat

48. O king, he (Karna's son), having been killed by the noble (mahātman) Nakula, fell down, just as a great tree grown on a riverbank is broken by the force of the river current.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Karna's son (he)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - he fell down, fell forward

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• नकुलेन (nakulena) - by Nakula

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

• नदीवेगात् (nadīvegāt) - from the force of a river, by the river's current

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• आरुग्णः (ārugṇaḥ) - broken, shattered, crushed

• तीरजः (tīrajaḥ) - grown on the bank, bank-born, produced from the bank

• पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree (literally 'foot-drinker')

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Karna's son (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Root: han (class 2)

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - he fell down, fell forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of pat

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

नकुलेन (nakulena) - by Nakula

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pāṇḍavas), mongoose

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, high-minded, noble (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

नदीवेगात् (nadīvegāt) - from the force of a river, by the river's current

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nadīvega

nadīvega - river current, force of a river

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (nadī+vega)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, current
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

आरुग्णः (ārugṇaḥ) - broken, shattered, crushed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārugṇa

ārugṇa - broken, torn, crushed

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: ruj (class 6)

तीरजः (tīrajaḥ) - grown on the bank, bank-born, produced from the bank

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīraja

tīraja - produced on a bank

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (tīra+ja)

• tīra – bank, shore, margin
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from, originating in (suffix)
  suffix
  derivative suffix from root 'jan'
  Root: jan (class 4)

पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree (literally 'foot-drinker')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree (from pāda 'foot/root' + pa 'drinking')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, root, ray
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinker (suffix), protector
  suffix
  agent suffix from root 'pā'
  Root: pā (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty