महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-7

मद्रराजं तु समरे दृष्ट्वा युद्धाय विष्ठितम् ।
कुरवः संन्यवर्तन्त मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम् ॥७॥

7. madrarājaṁ tu samare dṛṣṭvā yuddhāya viṣṭhitam ,
kuravaḥ saṁnyavartanta mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam.

7. madrarājam tu samare dṛṣṭvā yuddhāya viṣṭhitam
kuravaḥ saṃnyavartanta mṛtyum kṛtvā nivartanam

7. tu dṛṣṭvā madrarājam yuddhāya viṣṭhitam samare
kuravaḥ saṃnyavartanta mṛtyum nivartanam kṛtvā

7. But having seen the King of Madra (madrarāja) arrayed for battle, the Kurus retreated from the fight, considering their retreat itself to be akin to death.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - Shalya, the King of Madra (King of Madra)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, in conflict

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• विष्ठितम् (viṣṭhitam) - stationed, arrayed, arranged

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• संन्यवर्तन्त (saṁnyavartanta) - they turned back, they retreated

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having considered

• निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - turning back, retreat, cessation

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - Shalya, the King of Madra (King of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – the country of Madra
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle; war; conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from verbal root dṛś 'to see' with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle; war; fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

विष्ठितम् (viṣṭhitam) - stationed, arrayed, arranged

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - stationed; arrayed; arranged; standing

Past Passive Participle

formed from verbal root sthā 'to stand' with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - descendent of Kuru; a member of the Kuru dynasty

संन्यवर्तन्त (saṁnyavartanta) - they turned back, they retreated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of saṃnivart

imperfect

third person plural imperfect middle (ātmanepada)

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death; Yama (god of death)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having considered

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from verbal root kṛ 'to do, make' with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - turning back, retreat, cessation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - turning back; retreat; cessation; returning

action noun from verbal root vṛt with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)