महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तत्प्रभग्नं बलं दृष्ट्वा मद्रराजः प्रतापवान् ।
उवाच सारथिं तूर्णं चोदयाश्वान्महाजवान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tatprabhagnaṁ balaṁ dṛṣṭvā madrarājaḥ pratāpavān ,
uvāca sārathiṁ tūrṇaṁ codayāśvānmahājavān.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tat prabhagnam balam dṛṣṭvā madrarājaḥ
pratāpavān uvāca sārathim tūrṇam codaya aśvān mahājavān

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca pratāpavān madrarājaḥ tat prabhagnam
balam dṛṣṭvā sārathim uvāca tūrṇam mahājavān aśvān codaya

1. Saṃjaya said: Seeing that shattered army, the powerful king of Madra (Madrarāja) quickly said to his charioteer, "Drive the swift horses!"

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• तत् (tat) - that (shattered) (that, that one)

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - shattered (shattered, utterly broken, routed)

• बलम् (balam) - army (army, force, strength)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King of Madra (Śalya)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful (powerful, glorious, majestic, valiant)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• चोदय (codaya) - Drive! (drive, urge, impel)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• महाजवान् (mahājavān) - swift (horses) (greatly swift, very fast)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, triumphant; name of a person

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

3rd person singular perfect active (irregular perfect form)

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (shattered) (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - shattered (shattered, utterly broken, routed)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - utterly broken, completely shattered, routed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhañj' (to break) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

बलम् (balam) - army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force; army, troop

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ktvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - King of Madra (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - King of the Madras (a people/country)

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful (powerful, glorious, majestic, valiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, glorious, majestic, valiant

Derived from 'pratāpa' (power, glory) with possessive suffix -vat

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

3rd person singular perfect active (irregular perfect form)

Root: vac (class 2)

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb, can also be acc. sg. neuter of 'tūrṇa' (swift)

Root: tvar (class 1)

चोदय (codaya) - Drive! (drive, urge, impel)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of cud

2nd person singular imperative active, causative stem ('codaya')

Root: cud (class 1)

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

महाजवान् (mahājavān) - swift (horses) (greatly swift, very fast)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahājava

mahājava - greatly swift, very fast

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+java)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• java – speed, swiftness, quickness
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'ju' (to go quickly)
  Root: ju (class 1)