महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-42

ततोऽधिरुह्य नकुलः सुतसोमस्य तं रथम् ।
शुशुभे भरतश्रेष्ठो गिरिस्थ इव केसरी ।
सोऽन्यत्कार्मुकमादाय सुषेणं समयोधयत् ॥४२॥

42. tato'dhiruhya nakulaḥ sutasomasya taṁ ratham ,
śuśubhe bharataśreṣṭho giristha iva kesarī ,
so'nyatkārmukamādāya suṣeṇaṁ samayodhayat.

42. tataḥ adhiruhya nakulaḥ sutasomasya
tam ratham śuśubhe bharataśreṣṭhaḥ
giristhaḥ iva kesarī saḥ anyat
kārmukam ādāya suṣeṇam samayodhayat

42. tataḥ bharataśreṣṭhaḥ nakulaḥ
sutasomasya tam ratham adhiruhya giristhaḥ
kesarī iva śuśubhe saḥ anyat
kārmukam ādāya suṣeṇam samayodhayat

42. Then Nakula, the best among the Bharatas, having ascended that chariot of Sutasoma, shone like a lion standing on a mountain. He then took another bow and fought Sushena.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

• सुतसोमस्य (sutasomasya) - of Sutasoma

• तम् (tam) - that

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, appeared splendid

• भरतश्रेष्ठः (bharataśreṣṭhaḥ) - best of the Bharatas

• गिरिस्थः (giristhaḥ) - standing on a mountain

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• केसरी (kesarī) - a lion

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

• सुषेणम् (suṣeṇam) - Sushena

• समयोधयत् (samayodhayat) - he fought

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root ruh with upasarga adhi and suffix -ya

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - Nakula

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (name of a Pandava brother), mongoose

सुतसोमस्य (sutasomasya) - of Sutasoma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sutasoma

sutasoma - Sutasoma (name of Bhima's son)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of śubh

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: The middle voice can sometimes imply an action for oneself or an inherent state.

भरतश्रेष्ठः (bharataśreṣṭhaḥ) - best of the Bharatas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Qualifies Nakula.

गिरिस्थः (giristhaḥ) - standing on a mountain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of giristha

giristha - standing on a mountain, mountain-dwelling

compound of giri (mountain) and stha (standing)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (giri+stha)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kesarī' and implicitly Nakula in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

केसरी (kesarī) - a lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kesarin

kesarin - a lion (having a mane)

Note: The subject of the simile.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula.

अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Qualifies 'kārmukam'.

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - a bow

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root dā with upasarga ā and suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

सुषेणम् (suṣeṇam) - Sushena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suṣeṇa

suṣeṇa - Sushena (name of a warrior, often on the Kaurava side)

Note: Object of 'samayodhayat'.

समयोधयत् (samayodhayat) - he fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

causative

causative form of yudh, here used transitively 'caused to fight' or 'fought against'

Prefix: sam

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: From causative root *yodh* with prefix *sam*.