महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-59

ततः कपिध्वजो राजन्हत्वा संशप्तकान्रणे ।
अभ्यद्रवत तां सेनां कौरवीं पाण्डुनन्दनः ॥५९॥

59. tataḥ kapidhvajo rājanhatvā saṁśaptakānraṇe ,
abhyadravata tāṁ senāṁ kauravīṁ pāṇḍunandanaḥ.

59. tataḥ kapidhvajaḥ rājan hatvā saṃśaptakān raṇe
abhyadravat tām senām kauravīm pāṇḍunandanaḥ

59. rājan tataḥ kapidhvajaḥ pāṇḍunandanaḥ hatvā
saṃśaptakān raṇe abhyadravat tām kauravīm senām

59. Then, O king (rājan), Arjuna, he of the monkey banner (kapidhvajaḥ) and son of Pāṇḍu (pāṇḍunandanaḥ), having killed the Saṃśaptakas in battle (raṇe), rushed towards that Kaurava army.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna, whose banner bore Hanuman (having a monkey on his banner)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• कौरवीम् (kauravīm) - belonging to the Kauravas, Kaurava

• पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

कपिध्वजः (kapidhvajaḥ) - Arjuna, whose banner bore Hanuman (having a monkey on his banner)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapidhvaja

kapidhvaja - he whose banner bears a monkey

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapi+dhvaja)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root han 'to strike, kill' with suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - those who have taken a solemn oath; a specific group of warriors in the Mahābhārata who vowed to kill Arjuna or die

Compound of sam- + śap 'to curse/vow' + -ta (ppp) + -ka (suffix).

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, sound, joy

Root: raṇ (class 1)

अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-dru

Imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'senām'.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

कौरवीम् (kauravīm) - belonging to the Kauravas, Kaurava

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; pertaining to the Kauravas

Derived from Kuru with suffix -a.

Note: Agrees with 'senām'.

पाण्डुनन्दनः (pāṇḍunandanaḥ) - Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (father of the Pāṇḍavas), yellowish-white
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root nand 'to rejoice, gladden' with suffix -ana.
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.