महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-9, verse-16

स छिन्नधन्वा विरथः खड्गमादाय चर्म च ।
रथादवातरद्वीरः शैलाग्रादिव केसरी ॥१६॥

16. sa chinnadhanvā virathaḥ khaḍgamādāya carma ca ,
rathādavātaradvīraḥ śailāgrādiva kesarī.

16. sa chinna-dhanvā virathaḥ khaḍgam ādāya carma
ca rathāt avātarat vīraḥ śailāgrāt iva kesarī

16. sa vīraḥ chinna-dhanvā virathaḥ khaḍgam ca
carma ādāya rathāt śailāgrāt kesarī iva avātarat

16. With his bow cut and deprived of his chariot, the hero, taking his sword and shield, descended from the chariot like a lion from a mountain peak.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Nakula (he, that)

• छिन्न-धन्वा (chinna-dhanvā) - whose bow is cut, having a broken bow

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - without a chariot, charioteer-less

• खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking

• चर्म (carma) - shield (skin, hide, shield)

• च (ca) - and, also

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अवातरत् (avātarat) - he descended, he came down

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Nakula as a hero (hero, brave man)

• शैलाग्रात् (śailāgrāt) - from the mountain peak

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• केसरी (kesarī) - lion

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Nakula (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

छिन्न-धन्वा (chinna-dhanvā) - whose bow is cut, having a broken bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - whose bow is cut, having a broken bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – cut, severed, broken, torn
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root chid (to cut).
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' (Nakula).

विरथः (virathaḥ) - without a chariot, charioteer-less

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, charioteer-less, deprived of a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, opposite, in various ways
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation, privation, or intensity.
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' (Nakula).

खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, taking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from the root dā (to give, also to take with prefix ā) with the prefix ā, forming an absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

चर्म (carma) - shield (skin, hide, shield)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carman

carman - skin, hide, leather, shield

Root: cṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh (class 1)

अवातरत् (avātarat) - he descended, he came down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ava-tṛ

Imperfect

Root tṛ with prefix ava, imperfect 3rd singular active. The 'a-' prefix is the augment for past tense. Meaning here is 'to descend' or 'come down'.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Nakula as a hero (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty, warrior

Note: Agrees with 'sa' (Nakula).

शैलाग्रात् (śailāgrāt) - from the mountain peak

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śailāgra

śailāgra - mountain peak, summit of a rock

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaila+agra)

• śaila – mountain, rock, hill
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, peak, summit, front
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

केसरी (kesarī) - lion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kesarin

kesarin - lion, one having a mane